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Understanding TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Layers, Headers, and Addressing

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barclay-meadows
20 diapositives · 355 Views · Nov 14, 2014

This comprehensive overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite delves into critical components like TCP, UDP, ICMP, and network addressing through ARP and RARP. We explore various headers, their fields including source and destination ports, IP addresses, and the encapsulation process essential for effective data transmission. You’ll learn about packet fragmentation, subnet addressing, and various classes of IP addresses, including practical examples. This guide serves as a fundamental resource for networking professionals and enthusiasts alike.

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  1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite Application Application TCP UDP ICMP IP ARP RARP Physical network

  2. HTTP Request Encapsulation Header contains source and destination port numbers TCP Header Header contains: source and destination IP addresses; transport protocol type IP Header Header contains: source and destination physical addresses; network protocol type FCS Ethernet Header

  3. IP and network interface layers Machine B Machine A Application Application Transport Transport Router/Gateway Internet Internet Internet Network Interface Network Interface Network Interface Network 1 Network 2

  4. IP version 4 Header 0 4 8 16 19 24 31 Version IHL Type of Service Total Length Identification Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source IP Address Destination IP Address Options Padding

  5. 5 Classes of Addresses Bit position: 0 1 2 3 8 16 31 Class A 0 Net ID Host ID Class B 1 0 Net ID Host ID Class C 1 1 0 Net ID Host ID Class D 1 1 1 0 Multicast address Class E 1 1 1 1 Reserved for experiments

  6. Subnet Addressing Original 1 0 Net ID Host ID address Subnetted 1 0 Net ID Subnet ID Host ID address

  7. Address assignment with subnets H1 H2 150.100.12.154 150.100.12.176 150.100.12.128 150.100.12.129 150.100.0.1 R1 To the rest of H3 H4 150.100.12.4 the Internet 150.100.12.55 150.100.12.24 150.100.12.0 150.100.12.1 R2 H5 150.100.15.54 150.100.15.11 150.100.15.0

  8. Address Resolution Protocol H1 H2 H3 H4 150.100.76.22 150.100.76.23 150.100.76.20 150.100.76.21 ARP request (what is the MAC address of 150.100.76.22?) H1 H2 H3 H4 ARP response (my MAC address is 08-00-5A-C5-3B-94)

  9. Packet Fragmentation Source Router Destination IP IP Network Network

  10. IPv6 Header 0 4 12 16 24 31 Version Traffic Class Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address

  11. Provider-based Address Format n bits m bits o bits p bits (125-m-n-o-p) bits 010 Registry ID Provider ID Subscriber ID Subnet ID Interface ID

  12. Daisy-chain Extension Headers Basic header Next header = TCP segment TCP Basic header Routing header Fragment header Authentication header Next header = Next header = Next header = Next header = TCP segment routing fragment authentication TCP

  13. Extension Header for Jumbo Packet 0 8 16 24 31 Next Header 0 194 Opt Len = 4 Jumbo Payload Length

  14. Fragment extension Header 0 8 16 29 31 Next Header Reserved Fragment Offset Res M Identification

  15. Routing Extension Header 0 8 16 24 31 Next Header Header Length Routing Type = 0 Segment Left Reserved Strict/Loose Bit Mask Address 1 Address 2 . . . Address 24

  16. UDP Datagram 0 16 31 Source Port Destination Port UDP Length UDP Checksum Data

  17. UDP Pseudoheader 0 8 16 31 Source IP Address Destination IP Address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protocol = 17 UDP Length

  18. TCP Preview Application Application byte stream byte stream segments Transmitter Receiver Send buffer Receive buffer ACKs

  19. TCP Segment 0 4 10 16 24 31 Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number Acknowledgement Number U A P R S F Header R C S S Y I Reserved Window Size Length G K H T N N Checksum Urgent Pointer Options Padding Data

  20. TCP Pseudoheader 0 8 16 31 Source IP Address Destination IP Address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protocol = 6 TCP Segment Length