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A multi-agency collaboration involving: PNNL: Connor Flynn , J. Hubbe, E. Kassianov, B. Schmid

4STAR: Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research Results from TCAP Summer 2012 Flights. A multi-agency collaboration involving: PNNL: Connor Flynn , J. Hubbe, E. Kassianov, B. Schmid

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A multi-agency collaboration involving: PNNL: Connor Flynn , J. Hubbe, E. Kassianov, B. Schmid

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  1. 4STAR: Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric ResearchResults from TCAP Summer 2012 Flights A multi-agency collaboration involving: PNNL:Connor Flynn, J. Hubbe, E. Kassianov, B. Schmid NASA Ames: S. Dunagan, R. Johnson, M. Kacenelenbogen, J. Redemann, P. Russell, M. Segal Rozenhaimer, Y. Shinozuka, S. Ramachandran NASA GSFC: B. Holben, S. Sinyuk Funding: NASA, DOE ARM, BMI, PNNL

  2. Acknowledgments • AERONET: Tom Eck, Ilya Slutsker • ARM Cimel PI: Laurie Gregory, Rick Wagener • G1 facility support: Mike Hubbell, Bill Svancara, Dick Hone, Celine Kluzek, John Hubbe, Duli Chand, Jason Tomlinson, Gene Dukes 2

  3. Presentation Outline • What is 4STAR? • What measurements/science can it contribute? • 4STAR TCAP Flights • 4STAR TCAP Results 3

  4. AERONET-like capability • Ground-based direct beam + sky scanning yields column-integrated properties: • AOD • Size distributions • Single-scattering albedo • Asymmetry parameter • Aerosol shape / sphericity • Cloud OD 4STAR: Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research AATS-like capability: AOD at 13 wavelengths & H2O horizontally and vertically resolved through airborne design and deployment Airborne hyperspectral measurements of direct sunlight and angularly resolved sky radiance. So, what really is 4STAR? What does it measure? 4

  5. Anticipated 4STAR data products: • Solar Direct Beam • Atmospheric Transmittance • Aerosol Optical Depth and Ångstrom exponent • Aerosol Extinction (via aircraft vertical profiling) • Gases: H2O, O3, NO2, O4, CO2(?) (column and in profile) • Angularly-resolved sky radiance inversions • Scattering phase function, asymmetry parameter • Aerosol size distributions, fine/coarse mode fraction, sphericity • Aerosol single scattering albedo, absorption • Zenith radiance cloud retrievals • Cloudy/clear transition zone (Marshak, Chiu) • Cloud Optical Depth, Droplet effective Radius (with auxilliary measurements, Barker et al.) • Water vapor, liquid water, ice water fractionation (Daniels et al.)

  6. Successful TCAP deployment • Operated successfully on ALL TCAP flights • Ferry flight and 11 science flights AMF 6

  7. 4STAR TCAP Operational Success: • Direct Sun Mode • AOD, Angstrom Exp. • Trace gases (H2O, O3, O4, NO2) • AODs retrieved for all flights. • Gaseous retrievals in progress, prelim results for several days completed. 7

  8. Typical TCAP 4STAR flight series 8

  9. 4STAR Hyperspectral OD (column estimate) and AERONET Ground-based AOD 9

  10. AOD comparisons with AERONET 4STAR on G-1, n = 4 AERONET at the Ground Site 4STAR on ground, n = 23 AERONET at the Airport 10

  11. Multicomponent Linear Regresssion of trace gases column amounts: O3, O4, NO2, H2O 11

  12. CWV retrieval from 940 nm band calibrated via “modified Langley” 12

  13. 4STAR TCAP Sky Radiance Retrievals: • Sky Radiance Mode • Size Distribution • phase function, asymmetry parameter • Index of refraction, SSA, absorption AOD • More challenging, dependent on sky conditions, flight conditions, and specification of surface conditions. • Process scans of calibrated sky radiance vs scattering angle with AERONET aerosol intensive properties code. • ~24 acceptable sky scans at surface, mid, and high alt. • Retrieval work is just beginning 13

  14. Cloudeffect

  15. Airborne Sky Radiance Retrieval: July 22Altitude 605 m, SZA = 27 deg Preliminary! 17

  16. First SSA and AAOD retrieval: July 22Altitude 605 m, SZA = 27 deg Preliminary! Preliminary! 18

  17. Conclusions: • 4STAR had an outstanding first deployment • Comparisons of AOD with surface and in-situ aerosol optical properties look strong. • Water and trace gas retrievals show good potential. • First-ever hyperspectral airborne sky scans collected. Initial results are encouraging but much validation work remains. 19

  18. Layer AOD

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