1. Infectious Diseases Disease caused by the living pathogens within the body pathogens(organisms that cause diseases) Pathogens damage cell

2. Four Major Pathogen Groups: • Bacteria: • Viruses: • Fungi: • includes molds and yeast • Protists: • Infects the blood

3. How Pathogens Spread • Infected People • Soil: • Food • Water • Contaminated Objects • Infected Animals

4. Body’s Defenses (Barriers) • The following barriers trap and kill most pathogens: • Skin: • Contains destructive chemicals in the oil and sweat. • Breathing Passages: • Mucus and Cilia trap pathogens • Mouth & Stomach: • Saliva and Stomach acids

5. When pathogens Survive Barriers • Inflammatory Response • Fluid and White blood cells begin to fight the pathogen. • Causes Inflammation of blood vessels and Fever • White blood cells released from blood vessels • White blood cell involved is the phagocyte. • Phagocyte: engulf pathogens and break them down.

6. Immune System • Third Line of Defense against pathogens • Targets each kind of pathogen with white blood cells called lymphocytes. • Two types of Lymphocytes: • T-Cells – Identifies pathogen using antigens markers designed to recognize the pathogen • B-Cells – produce proteins called antibodies that destroy pathogens.

7. ACTIVITY • DRAW HOW A T-CELL RECOGNIZES AN INVADING VIRUS. • Make sure to label all steps. • Hint use figure 7 • Add color • Page 501

8. Preventing Infectious Disease • Through Active and Passive Immunity • Immunity: is the ability of an organism to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

9. Active Immunity • When an affective person own immune system produces antibodies in response to a pathogen. • Long lasting • Antibodies are produced through vaccination/immunization. • Vaccination: is the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into an organism. • Vaccine: substance used in the vaccination and consist of weakened pathogens.

10. PASSIVE IMMUNITY • Results when antibodies are given to a person. • The antibodies that fight a pathogen come from a source other than the organisms body. • The antibodies only last a few months.

11. When you do get sick • A Bacterial infection can be treated by antibiotic. • Antibiotic: is a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth. • There is no treatment for viral illness but rest.

12. Summarize • Summarize infectious Diseases and how organisms fight against them.

13. Noninfectious Disease • Noninfectious Disease: are diseases not caused by pathogens in the body. • They are not transmitted from person to person.

14. What are the three top noninfectious diseases? • Allergies • Diabetes • Cancer

15. Allergies: • Allergy: is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance. • An allergy develops in response to various foreign substances that set off a series of reactions in the body. • Allergen: any substance that causes an allergy.

16. Allergies continued: • Histamine: is a chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy. • Some allergic reactions can create a condition called asthma. • Asthma is a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow.

17. What is Diabetes? • Diabetes: is when either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body’s cells fail to properly use insulin. • Insulin: enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy. • A person with diabetes has a high level of glucose in the blood, but not enough in their cells.

18. What are the effects of diabetes? • Lose weight • Feel weak • Hungry all the time • Frequent urination • Blindness • Kidney failure • Heart disease

19. What are the types of Diabetes? • Type 1 • Usually begins in childhood/early adulthood • Pancreas produces little or no insulin • Requires insulin injections • Type 2 • Develops during adulthood • Pancreas does not make enough insulin • Control through diet, weight control and exercise

20. What is Cancer? • Cancer: is a disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue. • Cancer develops from tumors. • Tumor: an abnormal tissue mass • Cancer is caused by carcinogens. • Carcinogens: substances or factors in the environment that cause cancer (cigarette smoke, UV rays)