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Lec: Isotopes and Ions

This text explores isotopes, which are variants of elements with the same number of protons but differing neutrons, such as carbon isotopes C-12, C-13, and C-14. It explains how to determine the isotope number through a specific example of F-19, which has 9 protons and 10 neutrons. The text also discusses ions, which are charged atoms due to the gain or loss of electrons. Negative ions (anions) gain electrons, like F-; positive ions (cations) lose electrons, like Li+. This foundational knowledge is critical to understanding atomic structure in chemistry.

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Lec: Isotopes and Ions

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  1. Lec: Isotopes and Ions

  2. An Isotope is an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

  3. Example: C12,C13, and C14all have 6 protons but 6, 7, and 8 neutrons. The combination of the # of protons and neutrons equals the isotope #. Isotope #

  4. The nuclei of C12,C13, and C14 C14 C13 C12 Protons= Neutrons= C12 = 6 protons 6 neutrons C13 = 6 protons 7 neutrons C14 = 6 protons 8 neutrons

  5. Determine what isotope is the atom below. Express you answer as an isotope number.

  6. F19 9 Protons and 10 neutrons

  7. Ion: An atom that has an electrical charge due to the increase (gain) or decrease (loss) of electrons.

  8. All protons have a +1 electrical charge.All electrons have a -1 electrical charge.If an atoms protons and electrons are the same the atom is neutral.

  9. An ion with a negative (-) electrical charge is an anion. • Examples of anions are expressed like this: • F- or C-2 • Fluorine (F) has gained an electron thus changing F to a (-1) electrical charge. Carbon (C) has gained two electrons thus changing the electrical charge to -2.

  10. Example of an ion for F- Fluorine according to your PTE should have 9 electrons and protons however F- has 10 electrons and 9 protons.

  11. An ion with a positive (+) electrical charge is a cation. Examples of cations are expressed like this: Li+ or C+2 Lithium (Li) has lost an electron thus changing Li to a (+1) electrical charge. Carbon (C) has lost two electrons thus changing the electrical charge to +2.

  12. Example of cation for Li+ Lithium according to your PTE should have 3 electrons and protons however Li+ has 2 electrons and 3 protons.

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