POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS

1. POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS

2. ORGANISM / INDIVIDUAL • Any living thing. • ONE member of a species or population. • EX: A deer, a rabbit, a bacteria, a tree, a flower, a mushroom, etc.

3. POPULATION • A population is made up of all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time. • EX: Bison living in the prairie, colony of fish, a pack of wolves, a grouping of trees

4. COMMUNITY • All of the different populations of all species LIVING in an ecosystem. • Only the populations living in an area, not the place where they live! • EX: Birds, deer, grass, trees, fungi, bacteria, ticks, all living together in the same area.

5. ECOSYSTEM • Consists of all the organisms living in an area, as well as the nonliving parts of that environment. • EX: Deer, birds, insects, grass, + the water, temperature, sunlight, soil, air quality, etc.

6. ABIOTIC • Nonliving things that effect living organisms. • EX: Sun, temperature, rainfall, soil

7. BIOTIC • Living organisms and products of living things.

9. BIOMES • A biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups. • The climate and geography of a region determines what type of biome exists. • 9 biomes Tundra, Deciduous Forest, Savanna, Taiga, Chaparral, Rainforest, Grasslands, Desert, Alpine. • Each biome consists of many ecosystems.

10. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm

11. WHAT IS A SPECIES? • A class or group of individuals having similar characteristics. • Used to classify organisms. • How are organisms classified?

12. Taxonomy and Bionomial Nomenclature

13. Taxonomy The science of classifying all living things into seven major groups based on similarities of structure or origin

14. Classification • How are organisms classified? • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

15. Classification of Humans Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Sapien How do you remember the order? Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species-

16. As you go down the column, the defining characteristics of each subgroup become more and more similar. The members of a kingdom are more diverse, and the members of a species are more similar.

17. If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same Kingdom, Phylum, and Class.

18. How to Remember King Phillip Came Over For Good Supper

19. Five Kingdoms • Monerans • Ex: Bacteria (single celled, prokaryotic) • Protista • Ex: Amoeba (single celled, eukaryotic) • Fungi • Ex: Mushroom (multicellular, eukaryotic) • Plantae • Ex: Flowering Plants (multicellular, eukaryotic) • Animalia • Ex: People, Elephants (multicellular, eukaryotic)

20. Binomial Nomenclature • Translates to “two-name name-calling” • Every species has a generic (genus) and a specific name (species) • Always in Latin • Carolus Linnaeus • Known as father of taxonomy • Made up the binomial system for naming organisms • Very similar to how people are named • Genus is the surname (last name) • Species is the personal name (first name)

21. Why use Scientific Names? • Many organisms have more than one common name • Many different species have the same common name • Ex: American Robin and European Robin • Universal language understood around the world

22. The Use of Scientific Names • Genus is always capital and species is always lower case • Underline the whole name • Examples • Felisdomesticus (house cat) • Canisfamiliaris (common dog) • Acersaccharum (maple tree)

23. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/classifying-life.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/classifying-life.html

24. Unusual Names Abracadabra (snail) Lacucaracha (moth) Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo) Bahumbugi (snail) Balbaroofangaroo (kangaroo) Chaoschaos (protozoan) • http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html

25. What is your Scientific Name? - a persons name - last name first (genus) - first name is lower case (species) • add proper endings and underline Now write your name! For Example: Bart Simpson Simpson Bart Simpson bart Simpsonusbarti

27. LINNAEUS • Swedish botanist • Born in 1700’s • Made up the binomial system for naming organisms • Known as father of taxonomy

28. How are organisms classified? Animalia • Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species- Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens

29. Acronym to remember • Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools • King Phillip came over for good supper • Make up your own

30. Binomial Nomenclature • Translates to “two-name name-calling” • Every species has a generic (genus) and specific name (species) • Always in Latin • Very similar to how people are named • Genus is the surname (last name) • Species is the personal name (first name)

31. Why use Scientific Names? • Many organisms have more than one common name • Many different species have the same common names • American Robin and the European Robin • Universally understood throughout the world

32. How does it work? • Genus is always capital and species is always lower case • Examples of scientific names: • Felis domesticus (house cat) • Canis familiaris(common dog) • Acer saccharum(maple tree) • Satter kari

33. Weird Scientific Names • Abracadabra (snail) • Lacucaracha (moth) • Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo) • Bahumbugi (snail) • Balbaroofangaroo (kangaroo) • Chaoschaos (protozoan) • http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html

34. How to “latinize” your name For example: Bart Simpson -a person’s name Simpson Bart - last name (genus) first Simpson bart -first name is lower case (species) Simpsonus barti -add male endings to genus and species

35. TAXONOMYpages 8 and 9 Science of classifying all living things into seven major categories

36. Which group on the chart do you think has the most organisms in it? • Kingdom

37. What are the five kingdoms? • Monerans • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

38. 1. What do all animals have in common? • Heterotrophic • Eukaryotic • Multicellular

39. What four organisms are put in the same first three levels? • Human • Chimp • House cat • Lion

40. 3. What do you notice about the characteristics of the groups as you move down the Animalia kingdom? • They become more similar

41. 3. Compare the characteristics of a kingdom verses a species. What do you notice? • Kingdom is more diverse • Species is more similar

42. Are the cat and housefly the same species? • NO, because the groups above them don’t all match. • Species is like a first name it means little unless the last name (genus) is with it.

43. 4. If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same… • Kingdom • Phylum • Class

44. 5. Every organism is given a scientific name that consists of what? • Genus • Species • Which one is always capitalized? • Which one is always lower case?

45. 7. Which two organisms are most closely related on the chart? WHY • Cat and lion • They are the same in 6 of the 7 levels of classification.

46. 7. A human is most closely related to what organism on the chart? WHY • Chimp • They are the same in 4 of the 7 levels of classification.