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Improvement of district heating systems efficiency starts at the consumer

Improvement of district heating systems efficiency starts at the consumer. New calculation tools help consumer and district heating companies to identify non-efficient installations Christian Holm Christiansen. Content. District heating in Denmark Focus on end user installations

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Improvement of district heating systems efficiency starts at the consumer

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  1. Improvement of district heating systems efficiency starts at the consumer New calculation tools help consumer and district heating companies to identify non-efficient installations Christian Holm Christiansen

  2. Content • District heating in Denmark • Focus on end user installations • Energy labelling and calculation tools • Maintenance scheme with quality assurance

  3. About DH in Denmark: About 400 DH companies Half of these have less than 1000 customers Small scale CHP networks designed for 70C/40C About 700.000 end user installations in single family houses Central CHP Small scale CHP Industrial CHP

  4. Some challenges of DH in Denmark • Low density networks • Pipe heat losses • Directive 91/2002 on Energy performance of buildings • Gross energy consumption of buildings: 35-50 kWh/m2 • National energy saving plan • Yearly reduction of energy consumption of 1.7 % • Demand of documentation of energy savings

  5. Improved design and operation of DH end user installations • Design • Minimum requirements: • Pressure difference • Hot water tapping • Heat losses • Energy labeling • Operation • Energy consultancy • Maintenance scheme • End user involvement

  6. Energy labeling – Why? • Pushes product development • Involves the end user • Actually leads to energy savings! • Has the authorities attention • Its already here!: • Refrigerators • Oil- and gas boilers • Circulators etc.

  7. Pilot project on energy labeling • Small end user substations • Principals of energy labeling: • Heat losses • ’Cooling off’ DH water • Electricity consumption • Testing of heat losses, ’cooling off’ and electricity consumption of new substations • Re-define the concept of standard consumer substations • Evaluation of older DH end user installations and the potential of savings by replacing with new efficient ones

  8. Standard consumer substation • 6 categories of system design • Minimum requirements on components • Documented heat output of heat exchangers and tanks (hot water production: 60C/30C & 45C/10C) • Documented minimum available pressure difference • Documented heat loss

  9. Consumer substation – Annual heat loss 1000 kWh 100,0 95,0 Without considering heat loss as useful heat 90,0 Annual efficiency [%] Considering 50% of the heat loss in winther time as useful 85,0 i 80,0 75,0 0 10 20 30 40 Annual buy of heat [MWh] Heat loss – Annual efficiency

  10. 50 Annual ’cooling off’ at hot water production 45 Annual ’cooling of’ [K] 30 K 40 40 K 35 50 K 30 25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 Installed radiator capacity: Index 1,0 equals dimensioning heat demand Annual ’Cooling off”

  11. Asumptions Consumption [kWh] 1 Substation with pump, level 3 (56 W), 365 days 491 2 Substation with pump, level 2 (41 W), 365 days 359 3 Substation with pump, level 1 (27 W), 365 days 237 4 Substation with pump, level 3 (56 W), 245 days 329 5 Substation with pump, level 2 (41 W), 245 days 241 6 Substation with pump, level 1 (27 W), 245 days 159 Substation with pump, level 1 (27 W), 245 days and control with motor valve (2 W), 365 dage 7 176 Annual electricity consumption • Pump for circulation • Motor valve and control

  12. New project on tools • 1. List with specific data of heat loss and heat output of older components ready to replace • 2. List with specific data of heat loss and heat output of modern consumer user substations. • 3. Spreadsheet that calculates economy/energy potential when a consumer substation is installed in a new building or is replacing an old installation. • 4. Web page www.sparfjernvarme.dk with the tools available for use in may 2006.

  13. List of older components

  14. List of modern consumer substations

  15. Spreadsheet

  16. Calculation model Pipe dimensions Fittings Insulation thickness Heat exchanger/tanks: - Measured heat output - Mesured heat loss - Measured pressure loss Pump power Stationary calculation model Annual ’cooling off’ Annual efficiency Annual electricity consumption DH flow temperature Climate data Heat demand Hot water demand Heating system Etc.

  17. DH Maintenance scheme • Procedures and reports for maintenance • 7-days course in DH heating for plumbers etc. • Theoretical and practical test for certificate • Registration of companies and technicians involved • Quality assurance of the work done – sample test • Economy: Financed by registration and annual fee’s as well as sale of labels

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