The Human World

1. The Human World • EQ: What is Culture? • LO: We will analyze world culture/religion.

2. What is Culture? • Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared and passed on by a group Are you born with culture, or is it taught to you? • Culture is learned Who teaches you culture? • family, school, peers What things do we share as • Humans? • Americans? • Texans?

3. Where do cultures start? • Cultural Hearth – where innovations, ideas, materials and technology begin

4. How do cultures change and spread? • Innovation vs. Invention • To INNOVATE is to take an EXISTING concept and make it better.  • To INVENT is to make something entirely new; something that did not exist at all, before. • Diffusion • spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior • Assimilation • smaller society adopts the culture of a majority group • Acculturation • society accepts or adopts an innovation • Transculturation(a term coined by Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in 1947) -- :  a process of cultural transformation marked by the influx of new culture elements and the loss or alteration of existing ones

5. Why do they call it……………..? • Toponymy is the scientific study of place names (toponyms), their origins, meanings, use and typology. • Examples: Bolivia (South America): "Land of Bolivar" in New Latin, in honor of Simón Bolívar, one of the leading generals in the Spanish American wars of independence. Burkina Faso (Africa): "Land of Honest Men", Moreburkina("honest", "upright", or "incorruptible men") and Dioulafaso ("father's house") Côte d'Ivoire (Africa): "Ivory Coast" in French, from its previous involvement in the ivory trade. For more go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country-name_etymologies • Toponymyis distinct from, though often confused with etymology, which is the study of the origins of words.

6. Columbian Exchange • widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations including slaves, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

7. What culture did America adopt these things from? • Hot Dogs + Hamburgers • German • Chocolate • Aztec • Democratic Government • Greek • Halloween • Celtic • Number system • Hindu-Arab • Hockey • Canadian • Paper Money • Chinese

8. Examples - How do cultures change and spread?

9. Cultural Diffusion – Real Life Example • The blues originated in the “field hollars” of southern slaves. • The ancient African call-and-response pattern is the core of the blues. • Recordings of early artists from the 1920’s and 30’s reached Europe before World War II. • Cultural Diffusion!

10. Blues Diffusion Robert Johnson Led Zeppelin Traveling Riverside Blues Recorded in 1969 • Traveling Riverside Blues • Recorded in 1937

11. Blues Diffusion Howlin’ Wolf The Doors Back Door Man 1967 • Back Door Man • 1961

12. What are the 9 Traits of Culture? Language History Religion (beliefs / morals / mores) Food and Shelter (Types / Styles) Education Systems Security/Protection Relationships – Family and Others Political and Social Organizations Creative Expression - Recreation

13. 1. Language • Allows for communication to exist • There are between 3,000 and 6,500 different languages spoken in the world today! • Helps establish cultural identities • Can divide people • Canada - French/English • Oral tradition - Helps pass cultural traits along through generations • Dialect • different versions of the same basic language • “You all” vs. “y’all” vs. “you guys” • Language Diffusion • Follow trade routes • Blend from other languages • Migration

14. 2. History • What do you know or want to know about your ancestors? - What part(s) of the world are they from? - What were they like? - What obstacles did they have to overcome? - What effect does your family history have on your current life? • Ancestry is the descendancy of a person’s bloodlines. • Genealogy is the research and analysis of ancestry. • People worldwide engage in genealogy as hobbyists or professionals, often with the goal of determining their ethnic origin, discovering the truth about a family legend, indulging a passion for history or for the purpose of learning more about a family’s health history. • Read more: http://www.ehow.com/about_6696282_genealogy-vs_-ancestry.html#ixzz2h8w7GBk1

15. 3. Religion Major world religions • Christianity - 33% • Islam - 21% • Hinduism - 14% • Buddhism - 6% • Judaism - .2% • Others -25% Morals - How we should act (eg. Your conscience) Mores - Customs and rules of conduct; (eg. rules of the road)

16. What is religion? The belief in a supernatural power or powers, responsible for the creation and maintenance of the universe Types of Religions? Monotheistic – belief in one god Polytheistic – belief in many gods Animistic or Traditional – belief in the forces of nature

17. 4. Food and Shelter – The places we live and the things we eat

18. 5. Education - How culture is taught or learned Formal – Schools, Universities, Religion (church) In-Formal – Family, Friends, Social Clubs / Groups

19. 6. Security/Protection • Military – National Govt. • Police – Local Govt. • Family - Tribe

20. 7. Relationships – Family and Others • Family • Friends • Classmates / Co-Workers

21. 8. Political and social organization • Government System • Make rules and laws to keep society in order • Clubs • Examples? Boys and Girls, Boy Scouts, FFA, Optimists, • Fraternal organizations • Kiwanis, University, Veterans, Masonic etc.

22. 9. Creative Expression - Recreation • Music • instruments, singing • Art • Paintings, sculpture, photography • Dance • Theater • Literature • Novels, Poems • Architecture • Sports • Outdoor activities • Hobbies

23. How are cultural regions organized? • Society • a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity and a culture • Ethnic groups - a specific group within a society that shares a common language, customs, and heritage • Race (biological)refers to a person's physical appearance, such as skin color, eye color, hair color, bone/jaw structure etc. • Ethnicity (sociological)relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language and beliefs.

24. Language Creative Expression – Recreation History Religion – Beliefs Morals and Mores Political and Social Organizations 9 Traits of Culture Food and Shelter Relationships – Family Structure - Others Education – Formal and Informal Security and Protection Your Family Culture Create a graphic organizer (similar to the one below) using the 9 Traits of Culture and list at least 2 examples from the 9 Traits of Culture using your family.