Consonant Transcription

1. Consonant Transcription

2. What is a consonant? • There are 24 consonant sounds. • There are also allophonic variations. • Consonants are produced by vocal tract constrictions to modify the flow of air as it passes through the oral and/or nasal cavities. • The tongue is the primary articulator of consonants • There are some consonants that do not use the tongue in their production

3. IPA pulmonic consonants

5. Resonant consonants • Resonant consonants (resonants) are produced with resonance occurring throughout the entire vocal tract. They are all voiced. • Nasals • Glides • Liquids • http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

6. Nonresonant consonants • Nonresonant consonants (obstruents) have the sound source (noise/turbulence) created at the point of constriction in the oral cavity, formed by articulators, as air flows through the supralanryngeal system. • Resonance does not occur throughout the vocal tract, it occurs in the portion of the vocal tract anterior to the constriction formed • Stops • Fricatives • Affricates

7. Nonresonant consonants • Voiceless obstruents - sound source is at the point of constriction /s, f, t, k/ http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html • Voiced obstruents /z,v,d,g/ - vibrating vocal cords provide secondary sound source, creating a modulation of the breath stream coming from the lungs • http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

8. Other characteristics of consonants • Generally shorter than vowels • Comprise the smallest part of syllables because they are shorter • Length of any phoneme varies in relation to • Stress of syllable • Phonemic context • Importance of the meaning of a word in an utterance • Consonants have less intensity – perceived not as loud as vowels

9. Other characteristics of consonants • Consonants do not stand alone for meaning. • Positions • Prevocalic • Postvocalic • Intervocalic • Some consonants have the ability to become syllabic – that is, the nucleus of a syllable.

10. Classification of Consonants • Manner of Production -The way in which the airstream is modified as it passes through the vocal tract.

11. Classification of Consonants • Stop – articulators completely impede the airstream passing through the vocal tract.

12. Classification of Consonants • Fricative – are produced by forcing air through a narrow channel formed by the articulators in the oral cavity

13. Classification of Consonants • Affricate – characterized as having both a fricative and a stop manner of production

14. Classification of Consonants • Nasal – produced with complete closure in the oral cavity along with a lowered velum to allow airflow through the nasal cavity

15. Classification of Consonants • Glide - continued, gliding motion of the articulations into semivowels /j/ and /w/

16. Classification of Consonants • Liquid – generic label used to classify two English approximant consonants, spoken or articulated without friction

17. Classification of Consonants • Place – where in the vocal tract is the constriction located during the production of a particular consonant

18. Classification of Consonants • Bilabial • Labiodental • Interdental • Alveolar • Palatal • Velar • Glottal

19. Classification of Consonants

20. Classification of Consonants • Voicing – whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating during the production fo a particular consonant.