1. CHANGES WITHIN THE EARTHS SURFACE

2. The Earth’s Layers • 1. Core - center • Inner - solid/ outer-liquid 2. Mantle thick layer of rock 3. Crust rocky surface area

3. Land, Air and Water • Lithosphere --surface material (soil, rock, and other landforms) • Atmosphere -- substances above the surface (air and water) • Biosphere -- plants, animals, and other living things • Continents -- 7 separate • Relief -- difference in elevation

4. Plate Tectonics • Movement and shifting of the plates • THERE ARE 4 TYPES OF PLATE MOVEMENT

5. 4 Types of Movement • Subduction -- lighter plate slides down toward the mantle • Sea - Floor Spreading -- Magma comes from underneath and moves it away • Converging -- collide and create Mt. • Faulting -- plates slip or grind past each other

6. Changes on the Surface • Weathering - break down at or near the Earth’s surface • 1. Mechanical -- rock is actually broken or weakened physically • Example--frost wedging • 2. Chemical -- Alters rocks chemical make up • a. Carbonic Acid -- dissolves rock • b. Acid rain -- chemicals combine with water

7. EROSION • Movement of weathered materials including gravel, soil, and sand • Agents -- water, wind and glaciers

8. Water • Carries sediment away and this will grind away at the rock • Flood plain -- forms on the sides of rivers • Delta -- flat, low-lying plain formed at the mouth of the river, where the river enters the lake

9. Glaciers • Huge slow moving sheets of ice • 4 ice ages • Moraines -- piles of rock and debris left by glaciers