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ICT. What is ICT? ICT stands for Information and Communications Technology . Notice that two technologies make up ICT and these are: Information Technology Communications Technology. What is Information Technology?.
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ICT What is ICT? • ICT stands for Information and Communications Technology. • Notice that two technologies make up ICT and these are: • Information Technology • Communications Technology
What is Information Technology? • It is a combination of facilities for collecting, storing, retrieval and processing of information. • It can be manual or electronic. • The major component of electronic information technology is the computer.
Advantages of electronic information technology • There is faster and easier retrieval of information. • There is greater accuracy in data processing. • There is reduced cost of data processing. • There is greater and efficient storage of information. • It is capable of making complex calculations easier. • Can easily handle routine and repetitive tasks. • Can be used to do or monitor work in places inaccessible to humans
What is Communications Technology? • Communications Technology is a collection of facilities for transmission and reception of information. • Communications Technology can be manual or electronic. • The major components of electronic Communications Technology are computers and telecommunications facilities.
What does one learn in ICT? • You will learn; • How to collect, store, retrieve and process data. • How to transmit and receive information. • How to identify and correct errors during processing or transmission. • How to identify, install and troubleshoot ICT facilities.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COMMPUTERS • These are financial savings that are attributed to the use of computers, e.g. • Reduction in the time of processing data. • Reduction in the cost of storage facilities. • Reduction in the number of staff employed to do routine tasks
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS • It is important to understand the various classes of computers for a number of reasons, consider the following. • Different computers are used for different purposes. • Different computers have different processing power. • Different computers have different costs. • Different computers require different operating conditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS • Computers can be classified on the basis of many factors, e.g. • Cost • Speed of processing • Amount of storage • Operating environment
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS • On the basis of the factors outlined above, computers are classified as follows: • Microcomputers • Servers Compters • Minicomputers • Mainframe computers • Supercomputers
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS • MICROCOMPUTERS • A personal computer; designed to meet the computer needs of an individual. • They are the most widespread. • They are also called personal computers because of being single user. • They include the following: • Desktops • Laptops • Notebooks • Netbooks • Palmtops
WHY MICROCOMPUTERS ARE THE MOST COMMON • They are portable. • They cost the least amount of money to buy. • They use less sophisticated software and hardware. • They can be easily upgraded. • They do not necessarily require air-conditioned rooms. • They can easily be connected in a network.
Minicomputers • These are called midrange computers. • Power between mainframe and desktop. • They have greater storage capacity and faster speed than microcomputers. • Handle hundreds of users. • Users access through a terminal.
Server Computers • a server is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests made by another program, known as a client. • Servers are used to manage network resources. For example, a user may setup a server to control access to a network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host a website. • .
Supercomputers • Theses are the most powerful computers made and very expensive • Handle large and complex calculations • They are designed for very fast processing speed of processing trillions of operations per second • Found in research organizations
Mainframes • These computers have many terminals and several disk and tape drive • Mainframe computers are used in large organizations • Mainframe Computers are usually slower, less powerful and less expensive than supercomputers. • These computers handle thousands of users. • Users access through a terminal e.g ATM network.
COMPUTER SYSTEM • As a system, a computer consists of two main parts. • The main parts that make up a computer are hardware and software. • Computer = Hardware + Software
Speakers Monitor Key board CPU Mouse
What is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device that accepts user input (data) processes or store it and produce desired output (Information). 20
Function of computer A computer has four functions: Accepts data Input Processes data Processing Produces output Output Stores results Storage 21
Data • They are raw facts that are meaningless to the user and cannot be used to make decision e.g. 260978765401. infomation • This is the processed data that convey a meaning e.g. 260978765401 is cell phone number or Bank account number 22
Processing • Refers to the way data is manipulated to turn into information e.g. arithmetic operation, addition subtraction etc. 23
Information • Refers to data which has been processed. Output (Infor mation) Input (Data) Process 24
Likes & Dislikes of computer • Things computer like: • Good ventilation • Clean environment • Stable,vibration free surface 28
Likes & Dislikes of computer • Things computer don’t like • Dust • Drinking and eating over the keyboard • Heat, Cold or Moisture • Don’t place objects on top of monitors 29
Login instructions Username [ user08] Psssword [ zicta ]
Hardware and Software What is Hardware? Hardware is the physical parts of the computer system – the parts that you can touch and see. A motherboard, a CPU, a keyboard and a monitor are all items of hardware. 31
Typical examples of hardware Computer system 32
What is computer software ? Can you give me some examples ? 33
What is software ? Software is a collection of instructions that can be ‘run’ on a computer. One instruction is called program. These instructions that tell the computer what to do. Software is not a physical thing 34
Types of Software • System software It is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software, eg. operating system and utility programmes • Application software It is a group of programs designed to accomplish a single task or a group of related tasks eg. Microsoft Office 35
System Software System Software is used to control and manege computer devices and operations. It consists of • Operationg System A set of programs that coordinates all the activites among the computer hardware devices • Utillity Programme A type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance type tasks, 36
how the operating system software and application software are layered The arrows indicate information flow. 38
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES Prepared by: Mr. Bwalya M. ICT
INPUT PERIPHERALS OR DEVICES Peripheralsare devices that are connected to the computer box or Central Processing Unit (CPU).
TYPES OF PERIPHERALS • Input devices – these are devices that pass data into the computer system. • Output devices – these are devices that pass information out ofthe computer system • Backing storage devices – these are deices that store programs and data.
INPUT DEVICE • This is the hardware or device used to enter or transfer data into the computer system. • It is categorised into Manual input devices & Automatic/Automated input devices.
MANUAL INPUT DEVICE: This is a type of control device that requires an individual to manually press a button OR this is the entry of data by hand into a device at the time of processing
MOUSE Mouse: is an input device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on the display screen.
TRACKERBALL Is an input device that looks like an upside down mouse. The pointer is moved by rotating the ball using a thumb or finger.
