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History of Vowel Charts

History of Vowel Charts. Vowel charts date back to the 19 th century. Melville Bell – Phonetic quality of vowels is derived from the position and height of tongue constriction Daniel Jones – The cardinal vowels quadrilateral which is still in use today !. Vowel Chart Quadrilateral.

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History of Vowel Charts

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  1. History of Vowel Charts Vowel charts date back to the 19th century. Melville Bell – Phonetic quality of vowels is derived from the position and height of tongue constriction Daniel Jones – The cardinal vowels quadrilateral which is still in use today ! A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  2. Vowel Chart Quadrilateral Vowel chart of F1 (vertical) vs F2-F1 (horizontal). (Ladefoged) A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  3. Vowel Chart Problems • Frontness and Height specify acoustic dimensions • Cardinal vowels, pure vowels because of their stable auditory quality, have not been adequately described in terms of their corresponding stable articulatory configuration. • Only two of them /i/ and // have lingual descriptionsand the rest were defined according to the number of auditorily equidistant steps between /i/ and // A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  4. Vowel Chart Problems • Vowel charts used in computer based speech training aids are often based on formant frequencies. Front-back corresponds to F2-F1 and high-low to F1. • Algorithms for formants extraction • Consonants • Misarticulated sounds • Secondary articulation, e.g. nasality A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  5. Optico-Acoustic Articulography OPTACIA • attempt to relate articulatory configurations to acoustics to 2D fixed positions. • Related to EMA, EPG, but less invasive, more flexible, and cost effective. • Inspired from Kohonen’s SOM and the work of Zahorian and Venkat. • How it works… A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  6. Optacia Mapping ANN 2D fixed positions Acoustic vector representation Reference Gestures Cardinals A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  7. Optacia Mapping • A small movement of the articulators , hence a small difference in the acoustics, results in a mapping close to the fixed 2D points defined for the cardinals. • The 2D area between the cardinals of the map is related to the articulatory continuum between gestures. • Movement of the articulators from one gesture to another results in moving along a 2D direction from one cardinal to another. A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  8. Optacia Experiments • Experiment with 4 cardinals • Lingual mapping and the gliding test • Experiment with 5 cardinals • Lip rounding of // • Nasalisation of /i/ • Rhotacisation of /ae/ • Pharyngealisation of /i/ A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  9. Optacia Experiments • Experiment with ten cardinals • Diphthongs • Consonantal production of /z/ • CVC transitions • Utterances A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  10. Summary • Optacia visualises the relationship between the auditory qualities of the sounds we produce and the movement of the articulators • Attempt to escape from the traditional abstract notion of the phoneme target with auditory qualities to that of gestures with articulatory description • Enhancement of the classic vowel chart • Flexible layout of sounds A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

  11. Further Investigation • Use a different acoustic vector • Think about how to use different parameters of visual modality to portray the varying properties of the articulators • Study the relationship between vocal tract area, acoustics, and positions on the map. • Find how one can move the articulators to glide from one gesture to another A.Hatzis , P.D.Green

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