The Nervous System

1. The Nervous System Chapter 10

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Nervous System

3. Divisions of Nervous System • Central nervous system – includes brain andspinal cord • Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairsof cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheralspinal nerves (continues)

4. Divisions of Nervous System

5. The Neurons • Basic cells of nervous system • Carry nerve impulses throughout body • Afferent neurons • Connecting neurons • Efferent neurons (continues)

6. The Neurons

7. Brain • Primary Function • Coordinates all activities of the body by receivingand transmitting messages throughout the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • encephal/o

8. Major Parts of the Brain • Cerebrum • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Cerebellum • Brainstem (continues)

9. Major Parts of the Brain

10. Cerebrum • Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portionof brain • divided into right and left hemispheres • hemispheres subdivided to create pairs ofcerebral lobes

11. Cerebral Hemispheres

12. Cerebral Lobes • Cerebral lobes • frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions,memory, behavior • pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerveimpulses from sensory receptors in tongue,skin, muscles • occipital lobe: controls eyesight • temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, andability to create, store, and access new information

13. Cerebral Lobes

14. Spinal Cord • Primary Function • Transmits nerve impulses between the brain,limbs, and lower part of the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • myel/o • Note: Myel/o also means bone marrow.

15. Nerves • Primary Function • Receive and transmit messages to and from allparts of the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • neur/i, neur/o

16. Cranial Nerves

17. Peripheral Spinal Nerves

18. Autonomic Nervous System

19. Sensory Organs and Receptors • Primary Functions • Receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons • Eyes (sight) • Ears (hearing) • Nose (smell) • Skin (touch) • Tongue (taste)

20. Key Word Parts and Definitions • caus/o • burning, burn • cerebr/o • cerebrum, brain • concuss/o • shaken together, violently agitated • contus/o • bruise (continues)

21. Key Word Parts and Definitions • encephal/o • brain • -esthesia • sensation, feeling • esthet/o • feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception • -graphy • the process of producing a picture or record (continues)

22. Key Word Parts and Definitions • mening/o • membranes, meninges • myel/o • spinal cord, bone marrow • neur/i, neur/o • nerve, nerve tissue • phobia • abnormal fear (continues)

23. Key Word Parts and Definitions • psych/o • mind • radicul/o • root or nerve root • tropic • having an affinity for

24. Questions

25. Question • The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at thefront of the brain. • True or False?

26. Answer • False. The most sensitive cluster of nerves is atthe base of the spine.

27. Question • The human brain is 80-85% water. • True or False?

28. Answer • True

29. Question • How much of the oxygen used by the humanbody is utilized by the brain? • over 10% • over 25% • over 50%

30. Answer • b. Over 25%

31. Question • The human body transmits nerve impulses atabout 300 feet a second. • True or False?

32. Answer • True

33. Answers to Learning Exercises

34. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 10.1. esthet/o 10.2. encephal/o 10.3. contus/o 10.4. psych/o 10.5. concuss/o Matching Word Parts 2 10.6. mening/o 10.7. -graphy 10.8. -esthesia 10.9. myel/o 10.10. radicul/o

35. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 10.11. phobia 10.12. caus/o 10.13. cerebr/o 10.14. neur/o 10.15. -tropic Definitions 10.16. synapse 10.17. myelin sheath 10.18. dendrites 10.19. pia mater 10.20. hypothalamus 10.21. sympathetic 10.22. plexus 10.23. peripheral 10.24. thalamus 10.25. efferent

36. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Structures 10.26. brainstem 10.27. hypothalamus 10.28. cerebellum 10.29. medulla oblongata 10.30. cerebrum Which Word? 10.31. anesthesiologist 10.32. coma 10.33. anxiolytic 10.34. hallucination 10.35. acrophobia

37. Chapter 10 Answers Spelling Counts 10.36. migraine 10.37. Alzheimer’s 10.38. anesthetic 10.39. epilepsy 10.40. sciatica Abbreviation Identification 10.41. cerebral palsy 10.42. cerebrospinal fluid 10.43. obsessive-compulsive disorder 10.44. post-traumatic stress disorder 10.45. transient ischemic attack

38. Chapter 10 Answers Term Selection 10.46. delirium 10.47. myelitis 10.48. claustrophobia 10.49. trigeminal neuralgia 10.50. dyslexia Sentence Completion 10.51. cerebral contusion 10.52. anxiety disorders 10.53. dysthymia 10.54. factitious 10.55. antipsychotic

39. Chapter 10 Answers Word Surgery 10.56. an-, esthet, -ic 10.57. somn, ambul, -ism 10.58. electr/o, encephal/o, -graphy 10.59. par-, -esthesia 10.60. poli/o, myel, -itis True/False 10.61. True 10.62. True 10.63. False 10.64. False 10.65. True

40. Chapter 10 Answers Clinical Conditions 10.66. bipolar 10.67. concussion 10.68. transient ischemic 10.69. thalamotomy 10.70. multiple sclerosis 10.71. insomnia 10.72. aphasia 10.73. syncope 10.74. hydrocephalus 10.75. hematoma Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 10.76. causalgia 10.77. hypnotic 10.78. conversion 10.79. epidural 10.80. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

41. Chapter 10 Answers Challenge Word Building 10.81. neuromyelitis 10.82. meningomalacia 10.83. neuroma 10.84. encephalopathy 10.85. polyneuralgia 10.86. neuromalacia 10.87. meningoencephalitis 10.88. myelopathy 10.89. encephalomalacia 10.90. meningoencephalomyelitis Labeling Exercises 10.91. cerebral 10.92. frontal 10.93. temporal 10.94. parietal 10.95. occipital 10.96. thalamus 10.97. hypothalamus 10.98. medulla oblongata 10.99. spinal 10.100. cerebellum