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TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM. THE STRUCTURE OF THE TURKISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

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TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

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  1. TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

  2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE TURKISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Turkey's educational services are organized to meet the social needs and requirements of a contemporary society. The Turkish educational system bears democratic, modern, secular and co-educational characteristics. The aims of  the system are to increase prosperity and happiness  of Turkish citizens and society; to support and accelerate  the economic, social and cultural development in accordance with national   unity   and  integrity,   and   to   make Turks constructive, creative and distinguished participants  of  a contemporary civilization.

  3. THE STRUCTURE OF THE TURKISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM The Turkish National Educational System is regulated according to:     A.   Education and Training Laws B.   Development Plans C.   National Education Councils D.   Government Programs

  4. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION      http://www.meb.gov.tr/meb/teskilat.html# The Ministry of National Education consists of central, provincial and overseas structures, in addition to  related establishments.       The Ministry of National Education assumed its present structure under Law No. 3797 dated 30.04.1992    

  5. Central Organizations;   Ministry  Office Board of Education Basic  Service Units Consultancy and Inspection Units Auxiliary Units and Permanent Committees Provincial;     Provincial  Directorates and District Directorates  of National Education

  6. Overseas;     Education Counselors Educational Attaché and Turkish Cultural Centers Related Establishments National  Education  Academy General  Directorate  of Higher  Education  Loans  and  Dormitories Directorate  of Education Technologies

  7. SCHOOL SYSTEM  According  to the Basic Law on National  Education  No 1739,  the Turkish educational system consists of  two  main divisions: a.   Formal Education b.   Non-formal Education

  8. FORMAL EDUCATION   The school system, classed as formal education, is divided into four levels:   -    Pre-school Education -    Primary Education -    Secondary Education -    Higher Education     

  9. Pre-school Education   Pre-school education is optional. Children who have not yet  reached  school  age, may attend  pre-school.  In  this connection,      0-36 month (0-2 years-old) Day Nursery      36-72 month (3-5 years-old) Kindergarten  and  Pre-school In the 7th Five-Year Development Program the rate of children  attending school was 8.9%. There  are  534.771  pupils attending  these  schools during  the  2008-2009 scholastic year.

  10. Primary Education   In  Turkey, children ranging in age from 6 to 13 must attend primary school. All state schools are free.       Primary  Education consists of eight year schools.  At these  schools, education is uninterrupted for a  period  of eight years and graduates are given primary school diplomas. Primary  education anticipates a process  which  takes  into consideration interests, maturation, talents and  vocational values  in  accordance with the  aims  of  Turkish  National Education and contemporary education.       At the end of the 7th Five-Year Development Program, the schooling rate in primary schools was 97.4 %. The aim  is that this figure will reach 100% at the end of the 8th Five- Year Development Program.    

  11. Secondary Education     Secondary  Education covers vocational  and  technical high  schools which provide at least a three-year  education for graduates  of primary school. The aim of secondary education is to provide  students, through various programs, with  general culture and to prepare  them for higher  education,  life  and business  according  to  their interests and talents.      The  total  student attending at  these  schools  is 2.924.676 except open high school students.     

  12. General High Schools  The  aim  of  these schools is to prepare  students  to contribute  to  the  country's  economic,  social and cultural  development and, to prepare them for higher education. These schools offer a three-year education program.

  13. Vocational and Technical High Schools Vocational and technical high schools are institutions which train young people in commercial and vocational fields and prepare them for higher education. These schools are;  l. Technical Education schools for boys 2. Technical Education schools for girls 3. Religious education schools. 4. Commercial and Tourism Education schools Total  student  number in these schools  is 1.102.394

  14. Special Education School Special  training is conducted by qualified  personnel using  special programs in an atmosphere which is suitable for handicapped (exceptional) children. As such, special education applies to children between the  ages  of  0  and 18 who display certain handicaps  from   other   children   because   of  their  physical,   mental, psychological,  emotional  or social characteristics and cannot, therefore, benefit from regular education services. The  education of handicapped children is followed  up with  great  interest by the Ministry of National Education, according  to  the principle of  "Equal Opportunities  in Education".

  15. Guidance and Research Centers (GRCs) The  duties  of  guidance research centers  consist  of carrying  out  research into special education,  determining the  number of children in need of such training,  providing them  with  proper  guidance, offering  special  therapy  to children   who   cannot   socially  harmonize   with   their surroundings and related coordination activities.

  16. Private Educational Institutions Private Education Institutions cover various types and levels  of private schools, and courses and training centers which  operate  under  law no 625. The activities  of  these institutions are controlled by the Ministry.

  17. Higher Education Institutions  of Higher Learning, the  course  of which   is  at  least  two  years,  is  based  on  secondary education.  These educational institutions aim to  meet  the requirements  of  society for skilled personnel  at  various levels. Today, a country's development is determined according to its level of education, science and technology. Turkey's  basic  aim is to reach  world  standards  of higher education both in quality and quantity. Significant  developments  have  occurred  in  higher education  since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.  In 1933   the   "Darulfûnun"  was  transformed  into   Istanbul University. During the 2003-2004 scholastic year, the number of  universities  reached  77 and 1.946.442  students  are educated at these universities.

  18. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION Non-formal education, which constitutes one of  the  two basic  divisions  of the national education  system,  covers education, training, guidance and applied activities,  which are  not  included in the formal education system.  Non-formal education applies to those individuals who have never had  a formal education, or who are currently at a particular stage. Non-formal  education  aims  at  providing  adults  with literacy  skills  and basic knowledge and  also  to  further develop  acquired  knowledge and skills and  to  create  new opportunities for improving their standards of living. Non-formal  education  includes two  main  parts,  which comprise general and vocational-technical education.

  19. Non-formal education institutions include Public training centersApprenticeship training centersPractical schools of art for girls Maturation institutesVocational education centersTechnical training centers for adultsEducation and application schoolsPrivate classes Private coursesIndustrial practical schools of artScience and art centersOpen primary educationOpen high schools Vocational and technical open schools

  20. CURRENT SITUATION IN EDUCATION ABROAD For  the  cultural exchange programs prepared in compliance with  bilateral agreements to which our country is a  party, studies  are being conducted and coordinated by the Foreign Ministry. The mixed educational experts’  children  living abroad  and solutions to them are being discussed and which are required  by the cultural exchange programs  are  being conducted by the Ministry of National Education.

  21. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION Parallel to the rapid changes in society, the notion that the essential education is given in schools is also changing. In line with that notion, the Ministry of National Education is making rearrangements in the goals, programs and organizations of the school system, focusing on the development, expansion and restructuring of the non-formal learning and education system within continuing education and shifting the focus of education from formal to continuing education.

  22. Measurement and Evaluation Studies The main goal of the measurement of learning is not to measure   failures,   but  on  the   contrary   to   measure achievements. The basic points in the evaluation of learning are; 1. To acquire written and oral skills, 2. To increase problem solving skills, and 3. To provide citizens with a certain level of education and awareness.

  23. The  Date of the Start and End of the  Scholastic Year The  academic year begins in  the  second  week  of September  and terminates at the end of the second week of June. School is open approximately between  10th  September and  20th June. One School Year One  school year comprises 180 working days.  Holidays consist  of 185 days. These are summer vocations,  and  mid-term, national, religious and weekend holidays.

  24. The Age For Each Level of Education * Pre-school      Day-nursery : 0      Kindergarten : 3-5 * Primary Education : 6-13 * High School : 14-17 * Higher Education : 17 After  compulsory education is completed,  individuals may attend non-formal education classes.

  25. EUROPEAN  UNION AND  TURKISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM A European Union Desk was formed within the scope of the Ministry of National Education which is aimed at the harmonization of the Turkish educational system with the educational systems of EU countries. The activities are being carried out with the following aims: -To provide Turkish citizens and their children with the best educational services -To improve the exchange of educational information between EU countries and Turkey -To gather data and documents about the educational system of EU countries and Turkey

  26. EUROPEAN  UNION AND  TURKISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM -To cooperate with the EU in higher education -To spread foreign language education all over Turkey -To sustain equal accession conditions for all educational institutions -To prepare children for work life -To eliminate unemployment

  27. STATUS OF EDUCATION AT THE BEGINNING OF 2008 TOTAL SCHOOLS CLASSES INSTITUTIONS :53.556 TOTAL STUDENTS (BOYS) :9.525.641 TOTAL STUDENTS (GIRLS) :7.965.483 + :17.491.124 TOTAL TEACHERS :633.835

  28. www.eurodesk40.com Kırşehir Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü

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