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BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY. Daphne G. Fautin Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center. The 2003 National NVODS Workshop 11 September 2003.

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BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY

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  1. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY Daphne G. Fautin Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center The 2003 National NVODS Workshop 11 September 2003

  2. Electronic data are essential in addressing important oceanographic questionsamong them those involving ecologyincluding biodiversity and biogeography

  3. Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

  4. May explain organism distribution but does not show organisms

  5. “Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one on 16th July 2000.” http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html

  6. “Two more stunning SeaWiFS satellite images of a probable (no ships have ever taken water samples to confirm them there) coccolithophore bloom cradling the Falkland Islands (Patagonian Shelf), the left-hand one on 29th November 1999, the right-hand one two weeks later on 13th December. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.” http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/satbloompics.html

  7. Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

  8. Current Potential Coral Reef Bleaching Hot Spots http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo&hot.html

  9. DID CORALS BLEACH ?? WHICH TAXA ?? TO WHAT EXTENT ?? TO WHAT DEPTH ??

  10. biologically meaningful questions involving biogeography and biodiversity environmental data AND data on distribution of (identified) organisms

  11. Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

  12. DISCONTINUOUS(DISCRETE) HETEROGENEOUS

  13. SENSORS For remote identification Futuristic Require calibration (e.g. to know DNA signature of a species)

  14. TAG is the Atlantic counterpart of TOPP (Tagging of Pacific Pelagics), a project of the Census of Marine Life (CoML)

  15. Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

  16. SOURCES OF DATAon identified, georeferenced organisms – back in timeMUSEUM SPECIMENS PUBLISHED LITERATURE

  17. Sensing and receiving equipment Development Installation Maintenance Data Processing Serving Archiving Expenses the community has agreed to share

  18. An On-line Atlas of Marine Diversity www.iobis.org DATA REPOSITORY FOR CoML

  19. Census of Marine Life Components • New Field Projects What does live in the oceans? • History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) What did live in the oceans? • Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP) What will live in the oceans? • Data Storage and Serving Infrastructure (OBIS) Ocean Biogeographic Information System

  20. CoML LINKS ICES GOOS PICES GLOBEC CoML POGO 7 Field Projects HMAP CI OBIS SCOR WG FMAP IABO UNEP WCMC IOC WESTPAC SCOR GBIF

  21. The OBIS portalis creating online access to: • species distribution records of high taxonomic quality; and • the tools needed to use data effectively for research, management and education • network tools and models • research and education center • data requests and searches

  22. What/where ECONOMIC fisheries areas (open and closed) dive sites CONSERVATION invasive species protected areas ACADEMIC centers of diversity -- in space and time habitat preferences

  23. Occurrence records displayed on a map use symbols of a different color for each synonymous name. This function can be used for investigating whether a synonymy is justified. “Hexacoral” as a research tool

  24. For taxa with georeferenced records, a query of the companion global 30’ environmental database produces summaries of general environmental conditions for individual entries or a summary for the taxon

  25. regions with variable values within ranges defined by the sample cells are colored; variable selection by users and multi-taxon capability will make this a powerful biogeographic analysis

  26. “Hexacoral” as a research tool Anemones of most fish host species seldom occur without fish symbionts Anemonefish never occur without a host anemone

  27. 87 half-degree cells contain 516 usable anemone records

  28. There is good overlap. Non-overlap is because of biological reality (fish do not occur in Hawaii), and sources of data (e.g. publications on anemonefish in Japan are not vouchered by specimens, research on anemones is scarce in South Africa)

  29. OBJECTIVES CHALLENGES Provide environmental coverages to correlate with organism distributions Reciprocally, find out what lives in any parcel of water TECHNICAL draw on multiple sources of data in a variety of formats develop tools for users to mobilize the data DISCIPLINARY make counterparts aware of availability, utility of data opportunities for new sorts of audiences, questions

  30. National Science Foundation grants OCE 00-03970 (NOPP) to Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. Buddemeier DEB95-21819, DEB 99-78106 (PEET) to Daphne G. Fautin Students and colleagues who have contributed data, time, and ideas -- especially Adorian Ardelean

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