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Gender and Family Roles Change over Time. By: William Rush Folger . China. Classical China. Similar to other agricultural civilizations in their emphasis on unity and a powerful man in the household Women were subordinate to men throughout the classical period
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Gender and Family Roles Change over Time By: William Rush Folger
Classical China • Similar to other agricultural civilizations in their emphasis on unity and a powerful man in the household • Women were subordinate to men throughout the classical period • Gender roles changed during the Tang Song Era
Tang Song Era and Mongols • The status of women improved in China during the Tang dynasty and early Song dynasty. • Confucianism was widely used after its introduction in the later Song dynasty which stressed a hierarchy with a dominant male in family life. • The status of women declined as Confucianism gained popularity. • The practice of binding women’s feet which encouraged staying at home to work was introduced during this era. • The status of women in Chinese society improved under the influence of the Mongols.
China in the 20th Century • Mao Zedong made great efforts at the liberation of Chinese women. • Mao gave women rights including • Legal equality • Freedom in marriage selection • Opportunities of education and work outside the home • This led to the support of the communist party by many women in China.
Classical India • Classical India featured a strict society through the caste system as men and women were forced to marry in the same caste. • Family life was very rigid with male dominance as it evolved through the Vedic and Epic Ages. • Women played a lesser role with the increased usefulness of technology in agriculture. • Children were expected to work as families formed economic units. • Indian society featured more strong willed women than China in this era.
Post Classical-Present India • Arranged marriages were widely used based on economic links. • Many practices remained the same limiting women’s rights. • Women eventually gained rights including suffrage and restrictions on marriage and family have largely been eliminated in present day India.
Middle East • Women in the Middle East played a larger roles than those in India and China before and after the introduction of Islam. • Women played a critical role in the economy throughout the pre-Islam era. • Upon the introduction of Islam, gender and family roles changed.
Middle East • Teachings of Muhammad established males and females as equals in Allah’s eyes. • Islam advanced the placement of women in society although certain jobs were reserved for men • Men were still allowed 4 wives versus one husband to women
Abbasid to present • The status of women declined during the Abbasid Empire • Men began to have harems and the use of veils were required for women • Poor women worked in the economy but wives of nobles remained at home • The subordination of women to fathers and husbands remained prevalent throughout the many generations that followed
Europe Europe
Classical Europe • The Greek and Roman Empires had similar gender and family roles • Society stressed a tight family structure where the father had great authority • Women worked in the economy and had considerable influence in the upper classes especially in Rome • The treatment of women was not as bad as that of China
Post Classical-Present Europe • Women were equal to men in Christianity • Women held more political positions in the Byzantine Empire compared Western Europe • This treatment continued until the renaissance • There became a greater emphasis on nuclear family which included taking more effort in a relationship with the children and marrying at a later age • Family life became a value which continued to present day • Women gained SUFFRAGE after World War 1 in many European countries
Africa • Prior to European colonization, Africa featured an agricultural civilization much like that of China or the Middle East at the time • Males were superior in society and polygamy was common in many tribes • The status of women increased with the spread of Islam
Africa After European and Muslim Colonization • Women were carried in the Saharan slave trade to the Middle East for reasons which included concubines and harems • The Atlantic Slave trade skewed the population as they wanted mostly working males • Women participated in struggles for independence in many new African states • The respect women gained through their political voice in independence led to their eventual gain of rights which included suffrage
The Americas Before Europeans • Women in the Aztec Empire had a variety of different roles including • Peasants worked in the fields and household • Nobles often had multiple wives but peasants would only have one • Women owned property in Aztec society although they were inferior in politics and social life • Women worked many hours grinding maize due to lack of technology
The Americas After European Arrival • Poor women were involved in the economy while the rich remained confined to the home • Men held more power in the home and in politics which continued until the late 19th century • Women began to demand more rights as opportunities in work and education began to be offered to them
Cierto Or Falso • The status of women declined during the Song Dynasty in China.
Cierto or Falso • The status of women mostly increased with the spread of Islam.
Cierto or Falso • Throughout the dark ages, women were treated better in western Europe compared to that of Eastern Europe(Byzantine Empire).
Cierto or Falso • The term used to family life after the renaissance in Europe is “nuclear family”
Cierto or Falso • Women are equal to men in Allah’s eyes.
Cierto or Falso • Mao Zedong was against the advancement of women’s rights in China.
