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Change over time

08-LS4-1 Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past. Change over time.

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Change over time

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  1. 08-LS4-1 Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past. Change over time

  2. I can describe how scientist theorize how the earth and life forms change over time How did the Earth and the other planets form? How did life forms change over time? http://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/apr/28/starsgalaxiesandplanets.geology

  3. Change Over Time • After the video - in your journal – create a title page of how you think Earth formed and what the earliest life forms might of looked like. • Your title page should include: • Pictures • Vocabulary • color

  4. Vocabulary Activity

  5. Journal Prompt 1. Illustrate what life forms might of looked liked 3.8 to 3.5 billion years ago (bya) 2. Describe how they reproduced.

  6. Timeline • 3.8 – 3.5 Billion years ago (bya) – after the Earth cooled and photosynthesis started. More oxygen was available in the atmosphere. Life forms like cyanobacteria, which are found in fossils called strombolites are considered one of the earliest life forms. http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/lifeform.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stromatolites_hoyt_mcr1.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SoegininaStromatolitesEstonia.jpg

  7. Review of Asexual & Sexual Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction • Definition – when a single organism makes an exact copy of itself. All offspring look exactly like the parent through a process called mitosis (cell division)

  8. Journal Prompt Explain what advantages an organism has when it reproduces asexually.

  9. Types of asexual Reproduction • 1. Budding & Gemmules– the organism grows out of the body of the parent (ex. Hydra, yeast, sponges) 2. Fragmentation &Regeneration – the body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces, each of which can produce an offspring.(ex. planarians & sea stars) 3. Vegetative Propagation– reproduction through the spreading of stems that put down new roots. (ex. Strawberries, potatoes)

  10. Types of Asexual Reproduction cont. • Binary Fission – cell simply divides into 2. • Spore Formation - When a single cell or multicellular organism releases round “spore” like cells into the air, water, or ground. Typically spread through air. • Parthenogenesis - This type of reproduction involves the development of an egg that has not been fertilizedinto an individual. (stick bug, komodo dragon)

  11. Advantages & Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction • Advantages • If an organism remains in one place and is unable to mate – asexual reproduction allows them to reproduce. • Numerous young are often born with very little energy or time from the parent. • Disadvantages • Environments need to be stable and unchanging • Very little genetic variation – offspring look exactly like their parent and share the same weaknesses

  12. Why sexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction in plants • Sexual Reproduction – exchange of sex cells (sperm & egg) in which the egg is fertilized by the sperm and undergoes meiosis. This only occurs in sex cells.

  13. Advantages & Disadvantages of sexual Reproduction • Advantages • Offspring are similar to parents but have a mix of the parents genes which leads to diversity in the population of organisms.(genetic variation) • Able to adapt more easily to changes in the environment or surroundings. • Can evolve into a new species (speciation)

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