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The Classification of Living Things: Understanding Taxonomy and Organism Grouping

This overview explores the classification of living organisms, a cornerstone of biology known as taxonomy. It traces the history from Aristotle's two-kingdom system of Animals and Plants to Carl Linnaeus’ development of the Binomial Nomenclature. This naming system distinguishes organisms by a two-part Latin name: genus and species. The classification hierarchy includes categories such as Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. The presentation also highlights the Five and Six Kingdom Systems, detailing the characteristics of Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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The Classification of Living Things: Understanding Taxonomy and Organism Grouping

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification of Living Things By: Karl Fernandez

  2. Taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

  3. Brief History of Classification Aristotle • Greek Philosopher • 4th Century BC (384-322 BC)

  4. Divided all organisms into 2 kingdoms: Animals and Plants

  5. Air Land Water

  6. But how would you group this animal? Water Land Air

  7. Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) • Swedish Botanist • 18th Century • Father of Taxonomy • Developed the Binomial System

  8. Binomial System A system of naming species of organisms Binomial Nomenclature "Two Names" "System of Naming" 1. An organism is given two names in Latin 2. The first name is called the genus 3. The second name is called the species 4. Both the genus and species are either underlined or italicized 5. The genus is capitalized, while the species is not

  9. For example... Genus: homo Species: sapiens Homo sapiens

  10. Classification Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  11. Classification Categories King Kingdom Philip Phylum Came Class Over Order For Family Grandma’s Genus Soup Species

  12. Five-Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Monera

  13. Six-Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  14. Archaebacteria • Means “ancient bacteria” • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Found living in harsh environments - Extreme high temperatures - High salinity (salt levels) - No oxygen (anaerobic environments) • Some are chemosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using inorganic substances, like sulfur) • Most are heterotrophic (obtain food from organic substances)

  15. Eubacteria • Means “true bacteria” • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Some cause diseases - Tooth decay - Food poisoning • Both autotrophic and heterotrophic

  16. Protista (Protoctista) • Most are unicellular • Eukaryotic • Most reproduce asexually • Locomotion by cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia (“false foot”) • Includes Euglena, Paramecium, and Amoeba

  17. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell walls contain material called chitin • Heterotrophic • Act as decomposers or parasites in nature • Includes molds, mildews, mushrooms, and yeast

  18. Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell walls contain cellulose • Photosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using sunlight) • Includes: - Mosses - Ferns - Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) - Angiosperms (flowering plants)

  19. Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Animal cells have cell membranes, not cell walls • Invertebrates (do not have a backbone) • Vertebrates (have a backbone) • Includes: - Sponges - Fish - Jellyfish - Birds - Worms - Reptiles - Sea Stars - Mammals - Insects

  20. Classify the Organisms

  21. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  22. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  23. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  24. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  25. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  26. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  27. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  28. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  29. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  30. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  31. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  32. Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

  33. The End

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