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SOL BIOLOGY REVIEW

SOL BIOLOGY REVIEW. Everything you wanted to know and then some…. GENERAL INFORMATION. 60 Questions 10 are research questions. You must answer 34 correctly to pass. You must answer 45 correctly to achieve an advance pass. THE BREAKDOWN. Scientific Investigation- 11

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SOL BIOLOGY REVIEW

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  1. SOL BIOLOGY REVIEW Everything you wanted to know and then some…..

  2. GENERAL INFORMATION • 60 Questions • 10 are research questions. • You must answer 34 correctly to pass. • You must answer 45 correctly to achieve an advance pass

  3. THE BREAKDOWN • Scientific Investigation- 11 • Life at Molecular and Cellular Level- 14 • Life at Systems and Organism Level- 14 • Research questions-10

  4. SOME STRATEGIES • Four responses: The right one, the two really wrong ones and the distractor. • The distractor is almost right. It is basically a trick.

  5. More Strategies • The incredible POE : PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

  6. BOTTOM LINE • ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS • GO AHEAD AND GUESS!

  7. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS UNIT ONE

  8. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • Observations- gathering data using your senses. • Quantitativeobservations: Use numbers • Qualitative Observations: Describe things

  9. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • INFERENCES: gathering data based on previous knowledge

  10. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • USING APPROPRIATESOURCES

  11. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • HYPOTHESIS – an educated guess Must be in IF,Then format • INDEPENDENT VARIABLE- the thing that changes in an experiment

  12. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • DEPENDENT VARIABLE- The thing that is changed by the experiment- what will you measure?

  13. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • CONTROL- The variables are compared to the control. For example, the sugar pill given to a group of people

  14. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS • SCIENTIFIC METHOD- a way to standardize the science- 5 steps • 1. Ask a question • 2. Develop a hypothesis • 3. Do the experiment • 4. Gather data • 5. Draw Conclusions

  15. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION • GRAPHING- the independent variable goes on the X axis • The dependent variable goes on the Y axis

  16. UNIT TWO: BIOCHEMISTRY “I thought this was Biology?”

  17. MOLECULES OF LIFE • ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: • MUST HAVE CARBON IN THEM • Exception is CO (carbon monoxide)

  18. MOLECULES OF LIFE • Four Types: • PROTEINS- • Made from amino acids • Used for repair, building and structure • Test: Biuret’s Solution • Made by the Ribosome • Examples: any meat, hair nails

  19. MOLECULES OF LIFE • PROTEINS- • ENZYMES- special type of protein • Speed up reactions • Affected by temp. and pH • Have an active site. • Lock and Key theory

  20. MOLECULES OF LIFE • Carbohydrates: • Two types: • Simple- sugars like those in juice or candy • Complex: like pasta or bagels • 2:1 ratio of C to H • Test with Benedicts • Used for energy

  21. MOLECULES OF LIFE • LIPIDS: • Fats, Waxes and Oils • Saturated- are solid at room temp. Like butter • Unsaturated- liquid at room temp.- olive oil • Test: brown paper • Used for long term storage of energy

  22. MOLECULES OF LIFE • NUCLEIC ACIDS- • Hereditary material • Examples: DNA, RNA • Made up of nucleotides

  23. THE CELL!!! Unit 3

  24. CELLS • HISTORY: • Hooke- named Cells, Cells. Observed cork. • Leewenhook- developed the microscope

  25. CELLS • SCHLEIDEN- says all plants are made of cells • SCHWANN-all animals are made of cells. • VIRCHOW-Cells come from other cells.

  26. CELLS • CELL THEORY- • 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. • 2. Cells come from pre-existing cells • 3.All organisms are made from one or more cells

  27. CELLS • TWO BASIC TYPES • 1. Prokaryotes • Simple • No nucleus or organelles • Example Bacteria :Kingdom Monera • PRO THINK NO!!

  28. Cells • 2. Eukaryotes: • Has a nucleus • Has organelles • More complex • Came from prokaryotes • Examples: Humans, protists

  29. PLANT CELLS • Have a cell Wall • Have a HUGE vacuole- store water • Have a Cell Plate in cell division • Are usually rectangular • Chloroplasts

  30. Animal Cells • Have Centrioles • Cell Membranes • May have Cilia, flagella or pseudopodia

  31. ORGANELLES • Small specialized structures that have special functions within cells.

  32. ORGANELLES • Nucleus- brain of cell • Nucleolous- inside nucleus- makes ribosomes • Chromosomes- inside nucleus- made of DNA- heredity • Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell

  33. ORGANELLES • Lysosome- cleans up the cell • Ribosome- makes protein • Cytoplasm- jelly like stuff inside the cell • E.R.- smooth or rough-with ribosomes- transport

  34. ORGANELLES • Golgi body or apparatus- packages things • Vacuole- storage

  35. CELL MEMBRANE • Fluid Mosaic Model- • Bilayer • Made of Phospho-lipids • Lipids on the inside- hydrophobic • Phosphates on the outside- hydrophillic

  36. CELL MEMBRANE • Purpose: Gate keeper • Semi-Permeable- let’s some things in keeps others out

  37. GETTING THINGS INTO AND OUT OF THE CELL MEMBRANE • Holes in the membrane let some things in and out with no problem- like O2 and water • The Proteins help get bigger things across the membrane.

  38. Cell Transport • TWO TYPES • PASSIVE- no energy required. • Examples include Diffusion

  39. CELL TRANSPORT • OSMOSIS-diffusion with water- passive transport

  40. CELL TRANSPORT • ACTIVE TRANSPORT-requires energy • Used to get large molecules into and out of the cell. • Proteins act as channels/tunnels

  41. Cell Transport • EXOCYTOSIS- getting things OUT of the cell

  42. CELL TRANSPORT • ENDOCYTOSIS- getting things INTO the cell

  43. CELL ENERGY Photosynthesis and Respiratioin Unit FOUR

  44. CELL ENERGY • CELL RESPIRATION: • Done by all cells • Done in the mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell. • Method by which the cell gets energy. • ATP- Unit of Energy • C6H12O6 + O2-> ATP

  45. CELL ENERGY • Two types of Cell Respiration: • AEROBIC- • Uses oxygen • Is more efficient-> 32 ATPS • ANAEROBIC-No oxygen • Less efficient-> 8 ATPS

  46. ANAEROBIC: No oxygen Done by yeast Inefficient Produces Alcohol or CO2 AEROBIC: Oxygen Efficient Produces ATPs ANAEROBIC vs. AEROBIC

  47. Cell Respiration Steps • Glycolysis: break sugar down into pyruvic acid. • This happens in BOTH anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

  48. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Done by plants. • Done in the chloroplast. • CO2 + H2O with sunlight ---- C6H12O6 + O2

  49. RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Take home Message • They are called complementary or opposite reactions to each other. WHY? Because the reactants of one are the products of the other.

  50. CELL REPRODUCTION UNIT 5

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