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The Early American Colonies: Society, Economy, and Ideologies (1609-1732)

Discover the evolution of the early American colonies from 1609 to 1732, focusing on key figures like Pilgrims and Puritans seeking religious freedom. Explore the economic foundations of colonies through cash crops, plantations, and indentured servitude, alongside social structures involving the gentry and the intricacies of the Middle Passage. Analyze pivotal movements such as the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, which shaped emerging American ideologies on natural rights and governance, including the establishment of town meetings and mercantilism.

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The Early American Colonies: Society, Economy, and Ideologies (1609-1732)

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  1. Mission 3 Life in the Colonies 1609-1732

  2. Separatist • A Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church (p. 66)

  3. Pilgrim • A Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom. (p. 67)

  4. pacifism • Opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. (p. 75)

  5. Cash Crop • A crop grown primarily for profit (p. 85)

  6. Plantation • A large, commercial, agricultural estate (p. 85)

  7. Indentured servant • An individual who contracts to work for a colonist for a specified number of years in exchange for transportation to the colonies, food, clothing, and shelter. (p. 86)

  8. Gentry • Wealthy landowners in the South, also called the planter elite (p. 86)

  9. Subsistence farming • Farming only enough food to feed one’s family (p. 87)

  10. Middle Passage • The difficult journey slave endured in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. (p. 89)

  11. Slave code • A set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people. (p. 90)

  12. Town meeting • A gathering of free men in a New England town to elect leaders which developed into the local town government. (p. 94)

  13. selectmen • Men chosen to manage a town’s affairs (p. 94)

  14. Bill of exchange • Credit slip given by English merchants to planters in exchange for sugar or other goods. (p. 95)

  15. Triangular trade • A three-way trade route that exchanged goods between the American colonies and two other trading partners (Africa, Europe, and West Indies) (p. 95)

  16. Entrepreneur • One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise (p. 97)

  17. capitalist • Person who invests wealth, particularly money, in a business (p. 97)

  18. mercantilism • The theory that a state’s power depends on its wealth (p. 98)

  19. Natural rights • Fundamental rights all people are born possessing, including the right to life, liberty, and property. (p. 102)

  20. Enlightenment • Movement during the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason. (p. 108)

  21. Great Awakening • Movement during the 1700s that stressed dependence on God. (p. 108)

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