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What is Biodiesel? Who Uses it?

What is Biodiesel? Who Uses it?. Chelsea Jenkins Virginia Clean Cities Hampton Roads Clean Cities Coalition Virginia Biodiesel Conference James Madison University April 3, 2006. Overview. Brief overview what is Clean Cities? What Is Biodiesel Who Uses Biodiesel (in Virginia).

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What is Biodiesel? Who Uses it?

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  1. What is Biodiesel?Who Uses it? Chelsea Jenkins Virginia Clean Cities Hampton Roads Clean Cities Coalition Virginia Biodiesel Conference James Madison University April 3, 2006

  2. Overview • Brief overview what is Clean Cities? • What Is Biodiesel • Who Uses Biodiesel (in Virginia)

  3. Energy InSecurity THE U.S. IMPORTS OVER ONE-HALF OF ITS PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION PETROLEUM USE – 67% OF OVERALL USE TRANSPORTATION IS 97% DEPENDENT ON PETROLEUM Source: EIA AEO 2006

  4. Clean Cities • National US DoE voluntary program to promote energy independence in transportation • 80 Coalitions nationwide • One designated Coalition in Virginia (Hampton Roads) • Statewide effort ongoing • DoE Website: • http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/ • Virginia Clean Cities: • http://www.hrccc.org

  5. Biofuels • Fossil Fuel: a hydrocarbon fuel, such as petroleum, derived from living matter of a previous geologic time. • Coal, Oil, Natural Gas • Biofuel: Any fuel that derives from biomass – recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts • Biodiesel, Ethanol • Primary drivers behind introducing biofuels include: • Reduce dependency on fossil-fuels • Reduce GHG emissions (reduce impact on health, environment) • Improve energy security • Contribute to rural development through domestic production

  6. What is Biodiesel 1. Mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids (i.e. methyl or ethyl esters) 2. A diesel replacement fuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, recycled cooking grease • Biodiesel Blend: mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel • BXX = volume XX% biodiesel • Most common blends are B5, B20 • Physical properties very similar to conventional diesel • Must meet the quality requirements of ASTM D6751

  7. Biodiesel is NOT unrefined vegetable oil or used cooking oil The use of SVO can lead to engine carbon deposits, reducing engine life or increasing maintenance costs Successful SVO use is documented, but use requires considerable modifications to diesel equipment What Is Not Biodiesel?

  8. Biodiesel • Advantages: • It’s Easy: Transparent to end-user, easy to implement • LDV/HDV, marine, underground mining • No increased vehicle equipment cost • Minimal infrastructure impact (blending, storage, availability, vehicles)

  9. pumpkin seed algae coconut hemp mustard seed rapeseed avocado coffee jatropha oats safflower brazil nuts coriander jojoba oil palm sesame calendula corn (maize) kenaf olives soybean cashew nut cotton linseed (flax) opium poppy sunflowers castor beans euphorbia lupine peanuts cocoa (cacao) hazelnuts macadamia nuts pecan nuts Biodiesel • Advantages: • It’s Domestic: MADE IN USA • It Stimulates Local Economy: Supports Our Farmers! • value added product, supports rural economies, protects farmland from development pressures

  10. Biodiesel • Advantages: • It’s Renewable, Biodegradable, & Nontoxic • It’s Efficient: Very favorable energy balance, 3.2 to 1 • It’s Engine Friendly: Better engine performance • High flash point: 260°F v 117°F • Lubricity properties • Higher cetane rating

  11. DIESEL BIODIESEL Biodiesel • Advantages: • It’s Healthier: Lower emissions (Example: DDC Series 50), US DoA, US DoE • Carbon monoxide: 38% lower • Unburned HC: 83% lower • Oxides of Nitrogen: 11.3% higher?? • Particulates: 49% lower • Smoke and odor are much better • PAH, nPAH, & air toxics lower • It’s Carbon Neutral • Closed carbon cycle

  12. Biodiesel • Disadvantages: • Increased price relative to diesel • Petroleum displacement potential of B20 relatively limited • Relatively limited criteria emissions benefits (NOx)

  13. Biodiesel • Disadvantages: • Cold handling and storage of B100 • soybean based biodiesel start to crystallize at 0C • Oxidative stability • old fuel can become acidic and form sediments and varnish • Excellent solvent • filter clogging during transition from petrol diesel • replace natural rubber components • Supply • Lower energy content (8% less BTU/gal) Btu/lbBtu/gal No. 2 Diesel 18,300 129,050 Biodiesel 16,000 118,170 (12.5% less) (8% less)

  14. Biodiesel production & use has grown dramatically NBB estimates 75 million gallons in 2005 Current production capacity is more than 290 million annual gallons More than 570 million annual gallons under construction or planned Current U.S. avg. rack price $2.00/gal (vs. $1.86 for No. 2 diesel) Prices pre-tax, pre-tax credit Who Uses Biodiesel? Who’s using it? U.S. Postal Service U.S. DoD, DoE, and DoA Countless school districts, transit authorities, national parks, public utility companies, and garbage and recycling companies Credit: Robert McCormick, NREL

  15. Biodiesel Production and Under Construction Plants Source: National Biodiesel Board

  16. Biodiesel retail locations Source: National Biodiesel Board

  17. 2005 Virginia Fleets US NAVY Portsmouth Yorktown Westmoreland Schools Market Development in Virginia – B20 Fleets Existing B20 Fleets- 2004: 100kgal/yr Mt. Jackson B20: Est. 1 million gal/yr VALLEY PROTEINS

  18. VA Biodiesel Experience – Arlington County • Arlington County operates all diesel equipment on B20, since 2001 • Over 100 school buses, various makes, MY1991 through 2004 • 100,000+ gallons of B100 annually • No operational problems identified with biodiesel use Case Study Available: http://www.hrccc.org/biofuels/ArlingtonB20Study.pdf

  19. B20 Pilots Northumberland Schools Sysco Hampton Roads Reports available:http://www.hrccc.org/biofuels/SyscoB20PilotC.pdf http://www.hrccc.org/biofuels/northumberlandB20A.pdf

  20. B20 Readiness • Prepare fleet for acceptance and use of B20 • Tank Cleaning • Filtration/Plumbing • Northumberland Co. Schools: • $1579 for 6,000-gallon tank • Westmoreland Co. Schools: • $2826 for 2x 10,000-gallon tanks Westmoreland Schools

  21. Retails Locations Heathsville, VA Culpeper, VA Harrisonburg Distribution Bagwell Oil (Onancock) Culpeper Petrol Coop (Culpeper) Frederick Nothrup, Inc. (Warsaw) Griffin Oil & Propane (Suffolk) Holtzman Corp (Mt Jackson) James River Petroleum (Ashland) Kilduff Oil (Reedville) Noblett Oil & Propane (Kilmarnock) Northern Neck Oil Co. (Warsaw) Peoples Oil (Montross) PEP-UP (Temperanceville) Southern Sates (Fredericksburg) TCH Oil (Irvington) Thrift Oil (Urbanna) Ware Oil (Tappahannock) Northumberland Schools B20 Pilot Summary Retail Locations On The Web: http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/guide/default.shtm

  22. Industry Analyses • MORE INFORMATION • National Biodiesel Board: www.biodiesel.org • Virginia Clean Cities: www.hrccc.org • US Department of Energy Clean Cities: http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/blends/biodiesel.html • 2004 BIODIESEL HANDLING AND USE GUIDELINES • http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/pdfs/tp36182.pdf • NREL Biomass Oil Analysis • http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/34796.pdf • Concluded: Biomass oils can displace up to 10 billion gallons of petroleum by 2030 (if incentives or mandates used to promote)

  23. Hampton Roads Virginia Contact Information www.hrccc.org Chelsea Jenkins Tel.: 757-256-8528 E-mail: cjenkins@hrccc.org

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