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PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

MODULE-3 : UNIT-11. PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT. SMILE. “ Smile, it is the key that fits the lock of everybody’s heart”. OBJECTIVES. How could building a new system change the way an organization works?

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PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

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  1. MODULE-3 : UNIT-11 PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

  2. SMILE “Smile, it is the key that fits the lock of everybody’s heart”

  3. OBJECTIVES • How could building a new system change the way an organization works? • How can a company make sure that the new information systems it builds fit its business plan? • What are the steps required to build a new information system? • What alternative methods for building information systems are available?

  4. MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES • Major risks and uncertainties in systems development • Determining when new systems and business processes can have the greatest strategic impact

  5. SYSTEMS AS PLANNED ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Systems Development and Organizational Change • Automation: Speeding up performance • Rationalization of procedures: Streamlining of operating procedures • Business process reengineering: Radical design of business processes

  6. BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT Business Process Reengineering / Redesign • Reorganizes work flows, combining steps to eliminate redundant paper-intensive tasks • Large payoff from IT investment if processes are redesigned before applying technology

  7. BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT Steps in Effective Process Reengineering • Senior management needs to develop broad strategic vision • Management must understand and measure performance of existing processes as baseline • Information technology should be allowed to influence process design from start • IT infrastructure should be able to support business process changes

  8. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Overview • Systems development : • Activities that go into producing information systems solution • Systems analysis : • Analysis of problems that organization aims to resolve using information systems

  9. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Figure 12-5 The Systems Development Process

  10. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Overview • Feasibility study • Determining achievability of solution • Establishing information requirements • Stating information needs that new system must satisfy • Identifying who, when, where and how components of information

  11. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Systems Design • Details how system will meet information requirements as determined by systems analysis • Specifications for the system solution • Should reflect user business priorities and information needs

  12. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Completing the Systems Development Process • Programming / Implementing • Process of translating system specifications into program code & procuring other components & integrating • Testing • Checks whether the system produces desired results under known conditions • Unit testing, system testing, acceptance testing, test plan

  13. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Completing the Systems Development Process • Conversion • Process of changing from old system to new system • Strategies: • Parallel • Direct cutover • Pilot study • Phased approach

  14. OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Completing the Systems Development Process • Production and maintenance • Production is stage after new system is installed and the conversion is complete • Maintenance is changes in hardware, software, documentation, or procedures of production system to correct errors

  15. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES Traditional Systems Lifecycle • Systems lifecycle • Traditional methodology for developing information system • Partitions systems development process into formal steps / stages that must be completed sequentially

  16. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)STEPS SYSTEM INVESTIGATION STEP 1 UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SYSTEM ANALYSIS STEP-2 DETAILED DESIGN SYSTEM DESIGN STEP-3 DEVELOP SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION STEP-4 IMPLEMENT SYSTEM MAINTENANCE MAINTAIN STEP-5

  17. SDLC : STEP-1 : SYSTEM INVESTIGATION • Product : Feasibility Study Report • Activities : • Determine whether a business problem or opportunity exists. • Conduct feasibility study to determine whether a new or improved information system is a feasible solution • Develop a project plan and obtain management approval.

  18. SDLC : STEP-1 : SYSTEM INVESTIGATION(contd.) • Feasibility Studies : • Organizational feasibility, • Economic feasibility, • Technical feasibility, • Operational feasibility 4. Cost-benefit Analysis : • Tangible benefits. • Intangible benefits • Costs • Compare cost with benefits

  19. SDLC : STEP-2 : SYSTEM ANALYSIS • Product : Functional Requirements • Activities : (a) Analyze the following :- • Information needs of end users, • Organizational environment, • Any system presently used, (b) Develop the functional requirements of a system that can meet the needs of end user 3. Identify what is to be done and not how it is to be done

  20. SDLC : STEP-3 : SYSTEM DESIGN • Product : System Requirements Specifications • Activities : (a) Develop specifications for the :- • Hardware, • Software, • People, • Network • Data sources, (b) Develop the information products (report formats etc) that will satisfy the functional requirements of the proposed system.

  21. SDLC : STEP-4 : SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION • Product : Operational System • Activities : Acquire (or develop) :- • Hardware, Software, People, Network, Data sources, • Integrate and test the system • Train the people to operate and use it, • Convert to new system

  22. SDLC : STEP-5 : SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND REVIEW • Product : Improved System • Activities :- • Use post-implementation review process to monitor and evaluate. • Modify the system as needed.

  23. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES Prototyping • Prototyping • Process of building experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation • Prototype • Preliminary working version of information system for demonstration and evaluation • Iterative Development • A process of repeating over and over again the steps to build system.

  24. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM - BUILDING APPROACHES Figure 12-7 The Prototyping Processes

  25. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping • Advantage • Useful in designing information system’s end-user interface • Disadvantage • Rapid prototyping can gloss over essential steps in systems development

  26. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES Application Software Packages • Application software packages • Set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs commercially available for sale or lease • Customization • Modification of software package to meet organization’s unique requirements without destroying the software’s integrity

  27. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES Outsourcing • Practice of contracting computer center operations, telecommunications networks, or applications development to external vendors

  28. APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Process for developing systems in short time period • Uses prototyping, fourth-generation tools, and close teamwork

  29. MODULE-3 : UNIT-11 END OF PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

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