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Understanding the Orbit of Venus: Observations and Calculations from the 8th EAAE Summer School

This document summarizes the objectives and findings from the 8th EAAE Summer School held in De Glind from July 19-24, 2004, focusing on Venus' orbit. It details methods for simple observations to confirm the heliocentric theory, define Venus's orbit, compute the distance from Venus to the Sun, and determine the revolution period of Venus. Observational data, including transit times and elongation angles, are used to illustrate the calculations. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of Venus's synodic and sidereal periods.

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Understanding the Orbit of Venus: Observations and Calculations from the 8th EAAE Summer School

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  1. THE ORBIT OF VENUS 8th EAAE Summer School De Glind (19-24 July 2004) Roland BONINSEGNA (Belgium) THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  2. OBJECTIVES • Use simple observations to: • confirm the heliocentric theory • define Venus orbit • compute Venus distance • compute Venus revolution period THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  3. Galileo (1564-1642) THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  4. SUN THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  5. SUN THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  6. Using the transit times … 11h55 14h27 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  7. …to calculate the elongation angle. The Earth achieves one rotation (360 degrees) in 24 hours. What is the value of the rotation angle in 1 hour? 15° For 2004 January 31… Sun transit time: 11h55 Venus transit time: 14h27 2h32min = 2.53h 38° Elongation angle? THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  8. Date View from Earth Transit times (U.T.) 2004 January 31 1 Sun: 11h55 Venus: 14h27 Elongation: E 2004 March 31 2 Sun: 11h45 Venus: 14h40 Elongation: E 38 E THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  9. Date View from Earth Transit times (U.T.) 2004 June 8 3 Sun: 11h40 Venus: 11h40 Elongation: 0° 2004 August 17 4 Sun: 11h45 Venus: 08h45 Elongation: W THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  10. Date View from Earth Transit times (U.T.) 2004 October 15 5 Sun: 11h27 Venus: 09h06 Elongation: W 2005 March 29 6 Sun: 11h46 Venus: 11h46 Elongation: 1° S THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  11. Calculating the elongation angle - Results 2004 January 31 38° E 44° E 2004 March 31 0° 2004 June 8 45° W 2004 August 17 2004 October 15 35° W 2005 March 29 1° S THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  12. Sun 38° Earth THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  13. S 44° E THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  14. Measure each Sun – Venus distance THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  15. Measure each Earth – Venus distance THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  16. Complete the table Distance Sun – Earth = mm THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  17. Example of results Distance Sun – Earth = 100 mm THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  18. 6 3 Find the place of Venus for dates 3 and 6. Draw Venus orbit THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  19. Distance Sun – Earth = 100 mm 100 mm = 1 Astronomical Unit = 15 x 107 km Mean official Sun – Venus distance: 0.723 A.U. THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  20. Using your measures, calculate … OFFICIAL VALUES 1.126 0.695 0.289 0.706 1.137 1.724 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  21. 6 • 31/01/04 • 31/03/04 • 8/06/04 • 17/08/04 • 15/10/04 • 29/03/05 584 d 3 Value of the Venus synodic period? THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  22. 584 d 584 d THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  23. The Venus synodic revolution period 584 d 0 1 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  24. The Venus sidereal revolution period ? d 0 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  25. THE SIDEREAL REVOLUTION PERIOD OF VENUS Remember the value of Venus synodic revolution Period? VsP = 584 d Remember the value of Earth Sidereal revolution Period? ESP = 365.25 d THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  26. THE SIDEREAL REVOLUTION PERIOD OF VENUS ESP = 365.25 d VsP = 584 d How to find the value of Venus Sidereal revolution Period? 1/VSP = 1/VsP + 1/ESP VSP = 224.7 d THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  27. (0) 8/06/04 0 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  28. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 1 0 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  29. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 (2) 8/12/04 1 2 0 2 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  30. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 1 2 225 d 3 3 0 2 Value of one Venus sidereal revolution? THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  31. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 (4) 19/04/05 1 2 4 3 3 0 2 4 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  32. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 5 (4) 19/04/05 1 2 (5) 19/07/05 4 3 3 5 0 2 4 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  33. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 6 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 5 (4) 19/04/05 1 2 (5) 19/07/05 4 (6) 31/08/05 6 3 3 0 5 2 An other Venus sidereal revolution! 4 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  34. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 6 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 5 (4) 19/04/05 7 7 1 2 (5) 19/07/05 4 (6) 31/08/05 (7) 1/12/05 6 3 3 0 5 2 4 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  35. (0) 8/06/04 (1) 8/09/04 1 6 (2) 8/12/04 (3) 19/01/05 5 (4) 19/04/05 7 7 1 2 (5) 19/07/05 4 (6) 31/08/05 (7) 1/12/05 6 3 8 (8) 13/01/05 3 0 8 5 2 Value of one Venus synodic revolution? 584 d 4 THE ORBIT OF VENUS

  36. References • Gray B.J., 2002, Guide 8 software:http://www.projectpluto.com • Laurel C. et al., Celestia software • http://www.shatters.net/celestia • The Torbay Astronomical Society: • http://www.halien.com/TAS/ • View of the solar system (in different languages):http://www. solarviews.com/ss.html • Winther Mogens, Seeing is believing: • http://www. Amtsgym-sdbg.dk/as/venus/ven-dist.htm THE ORBIT OF VENUS

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