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Egypt GHG Mitigation Potential

TIMS/EEAA 2 nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX. Egypt GHG Mitigation Potential . Eng. Maher Aziz Energy & Environment Consultant (E&E) General Director of Environmental Studies, EEHC . DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004.

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Egypt GHG Mitigation Potential

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  1. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX Egypt GHG Mitigation Potential Eng. Maher Aziz Energy & Environment Consultant (E&E) General Director of Environmental Studies, EEHC DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  2. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX • Introduction • The contribution of major sectors to the overall GHG emissions of Egypt serves as a first indicator on which sectors should be primarily targeted for identifying GHG mitigation projects. • The methodology used to develop and report the inventory was based on the IPCC guidelines published in 1995 and revised in 1996. • The inventory was estimated for the main three GHGs, namely CO2, CH4 and N2O. • The data for other GHGs such as NOx, CO and non-methane VOCs is not available. DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  3. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 2. GHG Emission Inventory by Sector • The total GHG emissions of Egypt in 1990 were 116,708 Gg of CO2 equivalent while the total GHG sinks in the land–use and forestry sector recorded 9,900 Gg of CO2 equivalent. • CO2 is the main Greenhouse Gas in Egypt. It represents about 72% of the total GHG emissions in 1990. • The second important Greenhouse Gas is CH4, which recorded 19% of the total GHG emissions and lastly N2O with 9%. DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  4. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 2. GHG Emissions Inventory by Sector (Contd.) Summary of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories – 1990/91 DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  5. Sector Percentage Share of Net GHG Emissions, 1990/91 Industrial processes Small combustion CO2 Equivalent % Fugitive emissions Waste Energy Industry (ISIC) Transport Agriculture TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 2. GHG Emissions Inventory by Sector (Contd.) The Figure shows the percentage share of each Sector (and all energy sub-sectors) related to the total GHG emissions in 1990. The main emitters of GHG in Egypt are fuel combustion in the energy (22%) and industry (21%) sectors, Transport (18%) and Agriculture (15%). The energy-related emissions (“All energy”) are responsible for 71% of the total GHG emissions. Total = 106,708 Gg DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  6. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 3. Emissions from “ All Energy ” Sector (fuel combustion and fugitive emissions) • The main energy source of Egypt are oil, natural gas, and to a lesser extent hydropower (mainly generated from the high dam in Aswan). Coal, non-commercial fuels e.g. agriculture residues, firewood, dried livestock manure etc.), wind and solar energies play only a minor role. • The electricity generation sector was the major consumer of fossil fuels in Egypt in 1990 (34%) followed by industry (27%), transport (23%), residential & commercial (13%), petroleum (2%) and finally agriculture (1%). • Dependency on petroleum as the primary energy source makes energy production the highest contributor to GHG emissions in Egypt. DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  7. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 4. Emission from Industrial Processes GHG Emissions from Industrial Processes Sector 1990/91, Gg DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  8. Manure management % Methane emissions Burned residues Rice cultivation Enteric fermentation TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 5. Emissions from the Agriculture Sector Livestock Types and Population in 1990/91 Percentage Emissions of Methane by Source, Agriculture Sector 1990 DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  9. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 6. Emissions from Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) • No natural forests exist in Egypt. • In 1990 the total number of planted trees was about 60 million forest trees. • The natural growth of non-forest trees existing along the Nile river and in cultivated lands represented a net sink with an amount of -9,900Gg CO2 equivalent. • There is no wood burnt as a fuel in Egypt except agriculture residues and dung. • Recently more attention is given to establish tree plantations using treated wastewater. DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  10. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 7. Emissions from Waste Sector Percentage Share of CH4 Emissions, Waste Sector, 1990/91 % CH4 emissions DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  11. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX • 8. Emissions from Biomass • CO2 emissions from biomass (agriculture residues, fruit trees, and dung) are estimated as 9,543 Gg. This figure is excluded from the total emissions of the energy sector according to the IPCC guidelines. The CH4 and N2O emissions are included in the calculations for GHG emissions of the “All Energy” Sector. • Emissions from International Bunkers • CO2 emissions from international bunkers (aviation and marine) recorded in 1990/91 were 7,184 Gg and they are excluded from the total GHG emissions according to the IPCC guidelines. DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  12. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 10. Projection of GHG Emissions The Table shows calculation of GHG emissions using estimated growth rate for each sector. GHG Projection for all Sector (in 1000 Gg of CO2 eq) DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  13. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 11. GHG Reduction / Avoidance Potential in Different Sectors Summary of Proposed CDM Project Types DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  14. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 11. GHG Reduction / Avoidance Potential in Different Sectors (Contd.) Summary of Proposed CDM Project Types (Contd.) DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  15. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 11. GHG Reduction / Avoidance Potential in Different Sectors (Contd.) Summary of Proposed CDM Project Types (Contd.) DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  16. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 11. GHG Reduction / Avoidance Potential in Different Sectors (Contd.) Summary of Proposed CDM Project Types (Contd.) DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  17. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX CO2emission reduction due to fuel switching to natural gas in all economic sectors 2003/2004 Total CO2 reduction 2003/04 = 21 Million Tons Total CO2 reduction (81/82-2003/04) = 176 Million Tons DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  18. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX 11. GHG Reduction / Avoidance Potential in Different Sectors (Contd.) Summary of Proposed CDM Project Types (Contd.) DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

  19. TIMS/EEAA 2nd Phase – DJERBA FORUM - CD4CDM UNEP RISØ-APEX End of Presentation Thank You DJERBA, Tunisia, 22-24 September, 2004

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