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5-8-9-10-17 War on Terror

5-8-9-10-17 War on Terror. Aim: To what extent does the War on Terror still impact the world today? Do Now: Review: According to GWB, what are the problems in Afghanistan? What did the US demand of the Taliban? According to GWB, who is our enemy?. TERRORISM AGAINST THE US BEFORE 9/11.

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5-8-9-10-17 War on Terror

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  1. 5-8-9-10-17 War on Terror Aim: To what extent does the War on Terror still impact the world today? Do Now: Review: According to GWB, what are the problems in Afghanistan? What did the US demand of the Taliban? According to GWB, who is our enemy?

  2. TERRORISM AGAINST THE US BEFORE 9/11 • TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS CARRIED OUT ATTACKS ON THE U.S. AND ITS ALLIES THROUGHOUT THE LATTER PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY • THERE WERE OCCASIONAL MILITARY RESPONSES BY U.S.: • 1986 – PRES. REAGAN ORDERED AIR STRIKES AGAINST LIBYA BECAUSE OF ITS INVOLVEMENT IN A BERLIN DISCO BOMBING THAT KILLED 2 AMERICANS

  3. BOMBING OF AMERICAN EMBASSIES • 1998 EMBASSY BOMBINGS IN KENYA AND TANZANIA • PRESIDENT CLINTON LAUNCHED A BOMBING CAMPAIGN IN SUDAN AND AFGHANISTAN AGAINST TARGETS ASSOCIATED WITH AL-QAEDA

  4. ATTACK ON U.S.S. COLE • IN OCTOBER OF 2000 THE USS COLE WAS ATTACKED WHILE DOCKED IN YEMEN

  5. AFGHANISTAN BEFORE THE TALIBAN • SOVIET INVASION IN 1979 • MUJAHIDEEN (ISLAMIC WARRIORS) FOUGHT AGAINST THE SOVIETS WITH U.S. SUPPORT • FOLLOWING SOVIET WITHDRAWAL: • AMERICA LOST INTEREST IN AFGHANISTAN: • DID NOT INFLUENCE NEW AFGHANI GOVERNMENT • BITTER CIVIL WAR • TALIBAN EMERGES AS A RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FORCE • TOOK CONTROL OF AFGHANISTANBY 2000

  6. AFGHANISTAN • MAY OF 1996: • OSAMA BIN LADEN HAD BEEN LIVING IN AFGHANISTAN ALONG WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF AL-QAEDA: • INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE OF ISLAMIC TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS FOUNDED IN 1988 & LED BY OSAMA BIN LADEN • OPERATED TERRORIST TRAINING CAMPS IN A LOOSE ALLIANCE WITH THE TALIBAN: • ISLAMIST NATIONALIST MOVEMENT THAT RULED MOST OF AFGHANISTAN FROM 1996 UNTIL 2001 • FOLLOWING THE 1998 U.S. EMBASSY BOMBINGS IN AFRICA, THE US MILITARY LAUNCHED SUBMARINE-BASED CRUISE MISSILES AT THESE CAMPS WITH LIMITED EFFECT

  7. TALIBAN

  8. THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL IN 1999 AND 2000 PLACED SANCTIONS ON THE TALIBAN & ENCOURAGED THEM TO TURN OVER BIN LADEN FOR TRIAL IN THE EMBASSY BOMBINGS

  9. TALIBAN RULE • RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM AND VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS • WOMEN WERE BANNED FROM JOBS, SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES AND FORCED TO WEAR BURKAS IN PUBLIC • THIEVES WERE PUNISHED BY AMPUTATING ONE OF THEIR HANDS OR FEET • ERADICATED THE MAJORITY OF THE OPIUM PRODUCTION BY 2001

  10. September 11, 2001

  11. SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TIMELINE: • 7:58 AM: U.A. FLIGHT 175 DEPARTS BOSTON FOR LA. WITH 56 PASSENGERS & 9 CREW MEMBERS. IT IS HIJACKED AFTER TAKE OFF & DIVERTED TO N.Y. • 7:59 AM: A.A. FLIGHT 11 DEPARTS BOSTON FOR L.A., WITH 81 PASSENGERS & 11 CREW. IT IS ALSO HIJACKED & DIVERTED TO N.Y.

  12. THE TALIBAN AND 9/11 • THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION: • OSAMA BIN LADEN PLANNED 9/11-CARRIED OUT BY AL-QAEDA • TALIBAN MUST GIVE UP BIN LADEN AND OTHER AL-QAEDA OPERATIVES OR FACE INVASION • TALIBAN REFUSES TO NEGOTIATE WITH BUSH, BECAUSE HE’S A NON-MUSLIM • SEPTEMBER 20TH, 2001: • BUSH DECLARES “WAR ON TERRORISM” • LIKENS THIS NEW WAR TO THE COLD WAR

  13. “TODAY'S WAR ON TERROR IS LIKE THE COLD WAR. IT IS AN IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE WITH AN ENEMY THAT DESPISES FREEDOM AND PURSUES TOTALITARIAN AIMS....I VOWED THEN THAT I WOULD USE ALL ASSETS OF OUR POWER OF SHOCK AND AWE TO WIN THE WAR ON TERROR. AND SO I SAID WE WERE GOING TO STAY ON THE OFFENSE TWO WAYS: ONE, HUNT DOWN THE ENEMY AND BRING THEM TO JUSTICE, AND TAKE THREATS SERIOUSLY; AND TWO, SPREAD FREEDOM."

  14. OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM: 2001-PRESENT • BRITISH AND AMERICAN AIRSTRIKES BEGAN ON OCTOBER 7, 2001 • MILITIAMEN FROM PAKISTAN POURED INTO AFGHANISTAN IN SUPPORT OF THE TALIBAN • AMERICAN SPECIAL FORCES REINFORCED THE NORTHERN ALLIANCE, A TRADITIONAL ENEMY OF THE TALIBAN • ON NOVEMBER 12TH, THE TALIBAN FLED KABUL AND TOOK REFUGE IN THE MOUNTAIN CAVES OF TORA BORA WITH AL-QAEDA FIGHTERS • IT IS BELIEVED BIN LADEN WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE TO PAKISTAN DURING THE BATTLE FOR TORA BORA

  15. TALIBAN PRISONERS

  16. AFTER TORA BORA • AFTER THE BATTLE FOR TORA BORA, THE US AND AFGHANI ALLIES SET UP AN INTERIM GOVERNMENT LED BYHAMID KARZAI • THIS GOVERNMENT HAS DEMONSTRATED HIGH LEVELS OF CORRUPTION • AL-QAEDA AND TALIBAN FIGHTERS SOUGHT REFUGE IN THE TRIBAL REGION OF PAKISTAN • GUERILLA ATTACKS IN SOUTH AND EASTERN AFGHANISTAN INCREASED FROM ACROSS THE PAKISTANI BORDER

  17. AFGHANISTAN TODAY • CURRENTLY, THE UN LISTS AFGHANISTAN AS AT RISK FOR BECOMING A “FAILED-STATE”: • SUICIDE BOMBINGS, ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS, AND THE CONTINUED PRESENCE OF AL-QAEDA AND THE TALIBAN PREVENT THE NEW AFGHANI DEMOCRACY FROM ACHIEVING LASTING STABILITY • OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS THE U.S. HAS BEEN FORCED TO INCREASE ITS MILITARY FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN DUE TO THE RESURGANCE OF THE TALIBAN

  18. BUSH & KARZAI

  19. WANTED: TALIBAN LEADER MULLAH OMAR ($10 MILLION REWARD!)

  20. WANTED! ($25 MILLION REWARD!) • OSAMA BIN LADEN HAS YET TO BE FOUND: • BELIEVED TO BE HIDING ACROSS THE BORDER IN PAKISTAN • HAS MADE OCCASIONAL BROADCASTS AND WARNINGS

  21. THE END FOR BIN LADEN • THE FORMER HEAD OF AL-QAEDA WAS KILLED IN PAKISTAN ON MAY 2, 2011, BY NAVY SEALS. THE OPERATION, CODE-NAMED OPERATION NEPTUNE SPEAR, WAS ORDERED BY UNITED STATES PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA.

  22. PAKISTAN AND WAZIRISTAN • PAKISTANI-AFGHANI BORDER: • TALIBAN AND AL-QAEDA FIGHTERS FOUND SUPPORT WITH THE TRIBAL WARLORDS IN WAZIRISTAN • CIA LED RAIDS IN PAKISTAN LED TO THE ARREST OR KILLING OF SEVERAL AL-QAEDA LEADERS

  23. DEFENDING THE AMERICAN HOME FRONT • DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CREATED • USA PATRIOT ACT: • ALLOWS U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES TO: • FIGHT TERRORISM IN THE U.S. & OVERSEAS • SEARCH TELEPHONE, E-MAIL, MEDICAL & FINANCIAL RECORDS • DETAIN AND DEPORT IMMIGRANTS SUSPECTED OF TERRORISM • REGULATE FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS • CRITICS SAY THE PATRIOT ACT VIOLATES AMERICANS’FIRST AND FOURTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS

  24. DETAINEES AT GUANTANAMO BAY, CUBA: • DETENTION CAMP: • 750 PRISONERS-MOST HAVE NOT BEEN CHARGED WITH ANY CRIME (DUE PROCESS?) • ALLEGATIONS OF HUMILIATION, TORTURE AND GENERAL MISTREATMENT • HAS BECOME A POLITICALLY DIVISIVE ISSUE

  25. WATERBOARDING

  26. OTHER FRONTS OF THE WAR ON TERROR

  27. OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM • IRAQ: • PRESIDENT BUSH SAID IT WAS NECESSARY TO DISARM IRAQ IN ORDER TO “PROSECUTE THE WAR ON TERROR”: • SUSPECTED IRAQ OF PRODUCING WMDS: • WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION • NONE FOUND • CLAIMED IRAQ SUPPORTED AL-QAEDA & PALESTINIAN SUICIDE BOMBERS • IRAQI HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES • SPREAD DEMOCRACY TO IRAQ • INSURGENCY FOLLOWING THE INVASION IN 2003 • IRAQ BECAME A BREEDING-GROUND FOR TERRORIST GROUPS

  28. INSURGENCY IN SAUDI ARABIA • SAUDI ARABIA: • 2000 TO PRESENT • RADICAL FIGHTERS ALLIED WITH AL-QAEDA • ATTACKS ON SAUDI MILITARY, FOREIGN WORKERS AND WESTERN TOURISTS • RESENT AMERICAN MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE MUSLIM HOLY LAND

  29. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that they each (1) established an Islamic state (2) sponsored a United Nations Conference on Women’s Rights (3) joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (4) incorporated communist doctrine into their government. What is the main idea of this 2001 cartoon? (1) The main task in fighting terrorism is to eliminate nuclear weapons. (2) The battle against terrorism will be long and difficult. (3) New equipment is needed to eliminate terrorism. (4) The methods of dealing with global terrorism have created consensus.

  30. What is the main idea of this 2010 cartoon? (1) Pakistan plays a minor role in the affairs of Afghanistan. (2) The United States and Pakistan will join forces to remove the Taliban. (3) Disputes over water rights between Pakistan and Afghanistan continue to create challenges. (4) The Taliban will pose a threat to Afghanistan when the United States leaves.

  31. Loya jirga opens: Female delegates at the Afghan grand council in Kabul [Afghanistan] read an official statement together during the opening session Tuesday. Women make up about 200 of the 1,551 delegates to the council, which will pick the next Afghan government. Source: Copeland and Komarow, USA Today, June 12, 2002 What was a direct cause of the event illustrated in this photograph? (1) defeat of the Taliban-controlled government (2) rise of the Ayatollah Khomeini (3) signing of the Camp David Accords (4) withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan • Sunnis and Shiites have different views about who should lead the Muslim faith. • Today some Hindus follow caste rules more closely than others do. • Most Buddhists belong to one of two main sects. • Christianity is practiced by both Catholics and Protestants. Which generalization is supported by the information in these four statements? (1) In many religions, a range of beliefs often exists. (2) A belief in a god is common to all religions. (3) A hierarchy of leadership exists in all religions. (4) Religion is becoming less important to people.

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