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WWI: Home Front

WWI: Home Front. Friday November 1, 2013. Bell Ringer (No. 4). Propaganda was an important tool in convincing the American public to support the Allies What is this cartoon’s message?. Mobilizing the Workforce. National War Labor Board (NWLB)

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WWI: Home Front

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  1. WWI: Home Front Friday November 1, 2013

  2. Bell Ringer (No. 4) • Propaganda was an important tool in convincing the American public to support the Allies • What is this cartoon’s message?

  3. Mobilizing the Workforce • National War Labor Board (NWLB) • Mediated labor disputes that might otherwise lead to strikes • In exchange for wage increases, an 8-hour workday, and the right to organize unions and bargain collectively, labor leaders agreed not to strike during the war. • Women supported industry • Filled jobs vacated by men in the military • Shipping, manufacturing, and railroad jobs • Most women returned to their previous jobs or stopped working after the war

  4. Great Migration • Immigrants stopped coming during the war • Wartime job openings and high wages in Northern factories • 300,000-500,000 African Americans left the South to settle in Northern cities • Chicago, New York, Cleveland, and Detroit

  5. Mexican Americans Head North • 1917-1920 100,000 Mexicans migrated into Texas, Arizona, California, and New Mexico • Provided labor for farms and ranches • Many Mexican Americans migrated north to Chicago, St. Louis, Omaha, and other cities • Factory jobs • Barrios—Mexican American ethnic neighborhoods

  6. Ensuring Public Support • Committee on Public Information • Group of advertising executives, commercial artists, authors, songwriters, entertainers, public speakers, and motion picture companies to help sway public opinion in favor of the war • Pamphlets • Patriotic talks “four-minute speeches” delivered at movie theaters and public halls • Espionage Act of 1917 • Espionage – spying to acquire secret government information • Penalties and prison terms for anyone who gave aid to the enemy • Penalized disloyalty, giving false reports, or interfering with the war effort • Sedition Act of 1918 • Illegal to publicly express opposition to the war • Allowed prosecution of anyone who criticized the president or the government

  7. Suspicion • Persecution of German Americans • New names • Sauerkraut – Liberty cabbage • Hamburger – Salisbury steak • Schools dropped German classes • Orchestras stopped performing Beethoven Schubert, Wagner, etc. • Mobs attacked Germans, labor activists, socialists, and pacifists

  8. Schenckv. the United States 1919 • Supreme Court ruled that an individual’s freedom of speech could be curbed when the words uttered constitute a “clear and present danger” • Illegal to yell “fire” in a crowded theater • Court stated “when a nation is at war, many things that might be said in times of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as [soldiers] fight”

  9. Today’s Activity Chart Work • Using pp. 456-461 in your textbook, complete the chart. • Use complete sentences. Graphic Organizer • Write a bullet point in each box we covered today

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