Seminar Towards Safe And Healthy Working Culture Johor Skills Development Centre (PUSPATRI) 17 July 2009 Hotel Selesa, P

1. Handling Of Hazardous Chemicals Pengendalian Bahan Kimia Berbahaya By: Mohd Shahriwan Idris Seminar Towards Safe And Healthy Working Culture Johor Skills Development Centre (PUSPATRI) 17 July 2009 Hotel Selesa, Pasir Gudang

2. Person At Work Physical Hazard Biological Hazard • Mechanical • Electrical • Ergonomic • Noise • Heat • Pressure • Height • Bacteria/Virus • SARS/Aids/Bloodborne • Pathogen/Influenza Psychosocial Hazard • Sexual harrestment • Work pressure • Family • Drug/alcohol Chemical Hazard • Hazardous chemicals/gaseous/dust • Odor/Mist/Vapor

3. Philosophy And Principles Legal requirement pertaining to hazardous chemicals to health in Malaysia: Factories And Machinery Act 1967 Environmental Quality Act 1974 Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984 Occupational Safety And Health Act 1994

4. Control of hazardous chemicals Labeling of hazardous chemicals Monitoring of airborne contaminants CHRA Classification of hazardous chemicals Medical surveillance MSDS formulation Preparation chemical register PPE against chemical hazards HIRARC OSHA 1994 Use & Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health Regulations 2000 Control Of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Regulations 1996 Guidelines Classification, Packaging & Labeling Regulations 1997

5. Chemicals Hazardous To Health • Listed in Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health (Use And Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health) Regulations 2000; • Possesses any of the properties categorized in part B of Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health (Classification, Packaging And Labeling) Regulations 1997; • Comes within the definition of “pesticides” under the Pesticides Act 1974; • Is listed in the First Schedule of the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

6. Principles Of Health Risk Control 1 st Principle All hazards can be control in some manner and to some degree 2 nd Principle There are usually many alternate methods of control 3 rd Principle Some methods are better than others 4 th Principle Some situations will require more than one control method to obtain optimum results

7. Practicable Have been used on Regulation 14 with respect to the reduction of exposure to the lowest practicable level. The practicability depends on four factors as follows: • The severity of the hazards or risk in questions • The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk • The availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk; and • The cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk

8. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) • Reg. 6 (I) Part III of USECHH 2000 • Employer to ensure exposure to person to any chemicals hazardous to health listed in Schedule I at no time exceed the ceiling limit. • How to measure exposure limit is exceeded or not ? • PEL – ceiling limit or an eight-hour time-weighted average airborne concentration or maximum exposure limit. • Monitoring – PEL or MEL • PEL do not represent safe level. Keep the level of exposure as low as practicable.

9. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 1. Elimination Of Hazard / Risk Work activity/process involve use of a hazardous chemicals that is not essential, eliminate wherever practicable. • Using a physical process rather than a chemical process to clean an object, eg. Ultrasonic cleaning; • Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of an adhesive; • Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut and sized form rather than carrying out dust producing cutting process on site.

10. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 2. Substitution Substitute of materials Replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent with detergent; Using a water based paint in place of an organic solvent based paint; Using a chemical in paste or pallet form rather than a dusty powder; Using a lead free solder paste rather than a lead based solder. Substitute of process or equipment Brush application of paint rather than aerosol application; Dipping in a paint bath rather than spray painting.

11. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 3. Isolation Removing the source of hazard exposure from workers by: • Placing the source in another location • Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barrier • Automating the process in a closed system or separation by distance or the use of barrier to prevent exposure; • Removal and storage of materials in a separate location. Examples of application: • Tank farms separated from the process area • Automated process are used in chemical processing and petroleum refining • Heat barriers and soundproof enclosures • Removal of worker to a control room that is separate from the processing plant/area.

12. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 4. Engineering Control Plant, process or equipment that minimize the generation of hazardous substances, suppress or contain hazardous substances or limit the area of contamination in the event of spill or leak. • Ventilated booth for spray painting • Robot welding • LEV attached to grinding machines • Automation of the removal of objects from degreasing baths • Closed reaction vessels

13. Form Of Safe Work Of System Capture Velocity Design The velocity that that is necessary to control the contaminant at the farthest distance from the hood. Determined by: - Approved by P.E. - Built according to design specifications - Tested by P.E. - Velocity & direction - Quantity of contaminants - Secondary air current - Toxicity - Size of exhaust hood - Escape point LEV Concept – remove contaminants at source Record Keeping - Kept by employer - Inspected at appropriate intervals by employer which shall not be longer than one month Test, Inspect, Examination & Maintenance - By Hygiene Tech. - Defined intervals not more than 12 months

14. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 5. Safe Work System And Practices • Is a formal work procedures in order to identify all hazards, eliminate it and minimized risks. • It integrates men, machineries and materials. • Documented hazard precautions – use in OJT. • General duties of employer under Section 15 of OSHA 1994.

15. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 Component of safe system of work – People, Machinery, Plant, Equipment, Materials, Environment & Place Of Work Assess the risk Identify the hazards - What is used? - Who does what? - Where the task carried out? - How the task is done? Monitor the system - JSA / HIRARC - Inspection/audit - Procedures - Reports - Records - Feedback - Periodic check - System OK - Carried effectively - Changes require alteration Steps To Safe System Of Work Define safe methods Implement the system - Consider preparation & authorization at the start of the job - Ensure clear planning of job sequence - Specify safe work method - Include mean of access & escape if relevant - Consider the task of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job

16. Form Of Safe Work Of System HIGH RISK Define the work How to make it safe Identify hazard Precaution taken Describes checking method Identify Responsibilities PTW - Confined space - Hot work - Working at height - Electrical work LOTO Locking off means machines is put to a safe condition by a person (s) about to make adjustment or perform certain maintenance function Safe Operating Procedures Written system detailing step by step instruction on how to perform a task safely Rules & Procedures Verbal LOW RISK

17. Control Measures Under Reg. 15 6. Personal Protective Equipment • Most of employers choice. • Very simple – settle most of the hazard/risk. • Cheap • Did not eliminate hazard/risk. • Use with other control measures.

18. Control Of Carcinogens What is Carcinogen? Chemical substances which have been identified as suspected or established carcinogens or substances associated with industrial processes which have been identified under Schedule II, Regulation 27(2) and classified as carcinogens in CLP Regulations 1997. How To Control Exposure To Carcinogen? • Total enclosure • Minimize & control spills, leaks, dust, fumes & vapors at plant or process • Limit quantities at place of work • Minimized person exposure • Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking at carcinogenic area • Hygiene measures – washing facilities & regular cleaning of walls • Warning signs on carcinogenic areas • Safe storage, handling & disposal – closed and clearly labeled containers

19. Other Control Measures General Procedure - Use valid & suitable techniques. - Quantitative estimation of exposure. - Results compared to exposure standard. - Approved method of analysis. - Determine the effectiveness of control measure. - When & how monitoring to be done. - Sampling procedure & analytical method. - Frequency. - How results to be interpreted. Monitoring Legal Requirement Record - CHRA by an approved Assessor. - Monitoring exposure done by a Hygiene Technician. - Monitoring chemicals under Schedule II – interval not more than 6 month. - Maintain record of monitoring for at least 30 years. - Kept in any form. - Readily retrievable & understood. - Can be compared with any health records required under the health surveillance requirements.

20. Occupational Medical Surveillance Component Of Medical Surveillance Health Surveillance • - Periodic medical examination • - Biological monitoring and biological effect monitoring • - Health effects monitoring • - Investigation of occupational disease and poisoning including workplace inspections • - Notification of occupational disease and poisoning • - Assist in disability assessment • - Return to work examination after medical removal protection. • - Record keeping and monitoring Any examination and investigations to detect exposure levels and early biological effects and responses, and includes biological monitoring, biological effect monitoring, medical surveillance, enquires about symptoms of occupational poisoning or occupational disease and review of records and occupational history. Medical Surveillance Monitoring of a person for the purpose of identifying changes in health status due to occupational exposure to chemicals hazardous to health.

21. Information, Instruction And Training • Nature & degree of risk to health – substance involved & factors that may increase the risk • Control measures adopted – reason, how to use properly • Reason for PPE & clothing – what job necessary • Monitoring procedures – arrangement for access to results and notification if a maximum exposure limits exceeded • Health surveillance – duty to attend, arrangement for access to individual health records and the collective results of health surveillance. • Records – documented • Review – at least once in 2 years, changes in hazard / chemicals & assigned a new task/area.

22. Labeling And Re-labeling Labeling • Easy identification by product name during handling. • According to CPL Regulations 1997 & Guidelines on the Labeling Of Hazardous Chemical 1998 Re-labeling • When the labels are removed, defaced, modified or altered while the chemical hazardous to health is being used. • Chemical is transferred to another container other than the original container. • Re-labeling requirement depend on whether the substance is consumed immediately or over a longer period of time. • If used within a normal shift – label with the chemical name of trade name as per the original label. The container need not to be re-labeled if the chemical is used immediately. • Container containing pesticides & scheduled wastes – shall be re-labeled in accordance with the requirements of each relevant legal requirement.

23. Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS) Access To CSDS – Keep At Place For Easy Access Safe Handling Of Hazardous Chemicals Copies Readily Available For Reference/Training Hard Copy Or Soft Copy Latest Revision

24. Warning Signs • Posted at every entrance • Other relevant information are given – likely to be at risk • Illuminated & cleaned – readily visible Features Of Warning Signs: - Give warning of the hazard - Both language - Attract attention Standard Specifications: - MS 980 - MS 981 - MS 982 - MS 983

25. 1. Menghidu (Inhalation) 2. Penyerapan Melalui Kulit (Skin Absorption) – Mata Atau Kulit 3. Tertelan (Ingestion) 4. Cara Lain? Method Of Exposure How Can Chemical Hazardous To Health Enters A Human Body?

26. Acute Effect) Chronic/Long Term Effect Reversible Effect Irreversible Effect Health Effect Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health

27. Route of exposure Type of chemical Physicochemical properties Duration of exposure Concentration of exposure Effects of chemicals interaction Age Sex Allergies Genetic make-up Immunological status Nutritional status Concurrent disease Factors Influence Toxicity Hazardous Chemical Chemicals Human

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