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Journal # 3: List two ways that a sponge benefits other organisms.

Learn the traits, feeding habits, and reproduction of sponges, and how they benefit other organisms. Includes diagrams and animations.

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Journal # 3: List two ways that a sponge benefits other organisms.

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  1. Journal # 3: List two ways that a sponge benefits other organisms.

  2. When you are done • Turn in to the basket on my desk, work on your new vocab-zoology books are in the bookcase

  3. Zoology 8/22Part 2 vocab quiz 8/24Unit test 8/27 What are the traits of Phylum Porifera? • 1. Journal #6 • 2. Phylum Porifera • 3. Porifera coloring/question sheet

  4. Journal #6 • 1. What is radial symmetry? • 2. Give an advantage • 3. Give a disadvantage • 4. Example of organism with this symmetry

  5. PHYLUM PORIFERA SPONGES

  6. I. General Information • Porifera means “pore-bearing” • EX: sponges 3. No tissues, organs, or systems 4. Entire animal consists of several different types of cells functioning together. 5. Sessile- immobile • Symmetry: Asymmetrical- no symmetry • Simplest of all animals

  7. Osculum- allows water & waste to leave. Spicules- give support/protection Choanocyte- traps passing food Spongocoel- center cavity of sponge Porocyte- allows water & food into sponge Mesohyl- gelatinous middle layer thru which amoebocytes travel. Amoebocytes- carry nutrients, oxygen thru body. Can also become reproductive cells. Ostium (plural ostia)- opening to a porocyte Pinacocyte- epidermal cells; cover outside of sponge; can contract to close ostia when irritated

  8. Digestion/Feeding • Filter feeders- sessile so cannot prey on food. • Eat bacteria, algae, protists, larvae • Pathway of water & food

  9. a. Enters porocyte • b. Passes by choanocyte which has beating flagella to pull food into collar which captures food. • Food vacuole is created at base of choanocyte. Digestion begins. • Food vacuole is passed to an amoebocyte. • Amoebocyte carries nutrients to all parts of sponge. Also remove waste from sponge (circulatory system) • Excess water & waste exit thru osculum. • g. Can measure amount of water flow out of the sponge by adding dye http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Porifera.swf

  10. Respiration- exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide 1. DIFFUSION through the cell membranes exposed directly to water.

  11. Skeleton/Support • Spicules- needle-like pieces of calcium carbonate or silica. All different shapes & sizes 2. Spongin- flexible protein fibers found in the sponge skeleton ex:bath sponge

  12. Excretion- removal of wastes from body • Wastes removed from body by amoebocytes. • Released to spongocoel & out osculum. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.html&usg=__RYJg9379B6PSO0d4IaeJ1cEZp6s=&h=432&w=432&sz=78&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=cGliBdN9G1zbTM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=126&ei=pJBlTrqTNYO6tgeXhtGECg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Damoebocytes%2Banimation%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4ACGW_enUS313US314%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1

  13. VI. Reproduction • Asexual- without using sperm & egg a. Regeneration- broken pieces of sponge regrowinto entire new sponge.

  14. b. Budding- small buds break off & continue to grow until adulthood.

  15. c. Gemmules- masses of amoebocytes form on parent in winter. Amoebocytes become all other cells when released to form a new sponge.

  16. Sexual- with sperm and egg. a. Monoecious- hermaphrodites; produce sperm & egg in same organism. • Do not make or release sperm & egg at same time. • Prevents self-fertilization. • Self-fertilization is like inbreeding. Does not promote good genetic diversity.

  17. VII. 3 Body Forms • Ascon a. Simplest b. Vase-like body c. EX: Leucosolenia

  18. Sycon a. More complex than ascon. b. Folded body wall c. More choanocytes = more food d. EX: Grantia

  19. Leucon- a. Complex body wall b. Many oscula c. Even more choanocytes = more food d. EX: bath sponge

  20. VIII. Classification Based on type of spicules (different shape of spicules indicates different species) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea- spicules of calcium carbonate; needle-like or 3-4 rays. Class Hexactinellidae- spicules of silica with 6 rays Class Demospongiae- spicules of silica or spongin; bath sponge

  21. IX. Economic/Environmental Importance • Filter & clean water. • Control some animal populations by eating excess larvae. • Bath sponges sold for cleaning, exfoliating, personal hygiene, etc. • Part of food chain • Provide habitat for many types of animals.

  22. DAILY QUIZ #3 • The cells that capture food for the sponge are called a. Pinacocytes b. Choanocytes c. amoebocytes • The center cavity of the sponge is a. Osculum b. Mesohyl c. spongocoel • Sponges breathe a. With lungs b. With gills c. By diffusion • The jelly-like middle layer of the sponge is a. Mesohyl b. Mesoderm c. spongy • Human : red blood cell :: Sponge : a. spicule b. Amoebocyte c. osculum

  23. Links for WebQuests • http://lcmrschool.org/HS/Roth/Biology_animate/Ch26/ActiveArt/structure_of_a_sponge.swf • http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Porifera.swf

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