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Compact, Engineered, 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Prototype: A NASA IIP Selected Proposal

Compact, Engineered, 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Prototype: A NASA IIP Selected Proposal. Space and Airborne Systems. by M. J. Kavaya, G. J. Koch, J. Yu, U. N. Singh, F. Amzajerdian NASA Langley Research Center J. Wang Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems to

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Compact, Engineered, 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Prototype: A NASA IIP Selected Proposal

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  1. Compact, Engineered, 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar Prototype:A NASA IIP Selected Proposal Space and Airborne Systems by M. J. Kavaya, G. J. Koch, J. Yu, U. N. Singh, F. Amzajerdian NASA Langley Research Center J. Wang Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems to Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds 28 June – 1 July, 2005 Welches, Oregon

  2. Key Personnel Space and Airborne Systems • Dr. Michael J. Kavaya, LaRC, PI, coherent lidar • Dr. Grady J. Koch, LaRC, lidar system, field demonstration • Dr. Upendra N. Singh, LaRC, pulsed laser, requirements and priorities • Dr. Jirong Yu, LaRC, pulsed laser subsystem design and assembly • Dr. Farzin Amzajerdian, LaRC, coherent lidar systems • Dr. Jinxue Wang, RSAS, project management (currently Technical Director and Manager for Active Sensors at RSAS/SBRS) • Dr. David Rockwell, RSAS, solid-state laser design and modeling (laser expert) • Mr. Gerald Uyeno, RSAS, laser engineering (Technical Director for ABL-TILL and ATFLIR) • Dr. Richard Ackerman, RSAS, lidar systems engineering (laser/lidar system expert) • Mr. Steve Matthews, RSAS, laser engineering packaging (strong ABL-TILL and ATFLIR experience) • Mr. Dan Nieuwsma, RSAS, laser engineering (strong ATFLIR experience) • Mr. Carl Nardell, RSAS, opto-mech design (currently Opto-Mech Department manager at RSAS/SBRS)

  3. Relevant Events 2005 – selection of IIP winds proposals 2002 – begin NASA Laser Risk Reduction Program 2003 – 2-micron pulsed laser reaches 1000 mJ 1999 – airborne CO2 pulsed laser winds with conical scan 1994 – airborne 2 micron pulsed laser wind measurement 1997 – 2-micron pulsed laser reaches 600 mJ 1994 – 2-micron pulsed laser reaches 100 mJ 1978 – first space feasibility study (scheduled shuttle flight in 1983) 1998 – begin ADM 1997-9 – SPARCLE 1991 – pulsed Tm,Ho:YAG laser wind measurement 1988 – pulsed Nd:YAG laser wind measurement 1984 – airborne pulsed CO2 laser wind measurement 1977 – pulsed CO2 laser wind measurement 1971 – airborne CW CO2 laser wind measurement 1967 – CW CO2 laser wind measurement 1964 – CO2 laser demonstrated 1960 – laser demonstrated

  4. IIP Rationale • Laboratory and airborne wind measurements have generated confidence in the coherent Doppler wind lidar (DWL) technique • LaRC’s advancements of the 2-micron laser in pulse energy (20 – 1000 mJ, x50), diode pumping, pulse spectrum, beam quality, cooling, efficiency, etc. have generated confidence in the laser technology • Emmitt’s investigations of the hybrid DWL concept for space have closed the huge gap between demonstrated and required laser and optics parameters, and have generated confidence in the mission feasibility • Raytheon has delivered more than 30,000 compact and rugged lidar systems to the US military. • Raytheon has strong heritage and experience in coherent LIDAR systems. Developed the first airborne coherent wind lidar using CO2 laser under contract to NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in the early 1970s. • Raytheon has spent considerable IRAD resources to advance space DWL TRLs • Compact, robust, space-qualifiable packaging of the LaRC laser technology is needed next to enable: • Airborne demonstration of a coherent DWL as “close to space” as possible to enable: • A credible proposal for a demonstration space mission to enable: • Operational DWL space satellite(s) for NPOESS

  5. 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar High Energy Technology 1997 2 micron laser 1988 Diode Pump Technology 1993 Inj. Seeding Technology 1996 Conductive Cooling Techn. 1999 Compact Packaging Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. Autonomous Oper. Technol. Pre-Launch Validation Lifetime Validation 7-Yr. Lifetime Validation Space Qualif. Hybrid Aircraft Operation Hybrid NPOESS UAV Operation Hybrid ESSP Autonomous Oper. Technol. 7-Yr. Lifetime Validation Space Qualif. Pre-Launch Validation Lifetime Validation 1 micron laser Diode Pump Technology Inj. Seeding Technology Conductive Cooling Techn. Compact Packaging High Energy Technology Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. 1-Micron Direct Doppler Lidar Past Funding Simulation Laser Risk Reduction Program Ground-Based Risk Reduction (IPO) 2 micron Doppler wind aircraft flights 1 micron altimetry space missions Pump Laser Diode Advancement Dual Wavelength Telescope & Scanner IIP-2004 Project Optional Global Tropospheric Wind Profiles Example Roadmap

  6. IIP Project Flow Diagram Space and Airborne Systems System Design & Scaling Requirements Analysis Procurement Fabrication Opto-Mechanical Design Integration And Testing RSAS Requirements List LaRC Review Review Requirements Analysis Field Testing Procurement

  7. ABL-TILL: Track ILluminator Laser for the Air Force AirBorne Laser Program Space and Airborne Systems • ABL-TILL after engineering and packaging • at Raytheon SAS (a) ABL-TILL prototype at HRL • Modular design to allow alignment and testing before integration • Innovative transport optics design to tolerate wide ranges of diode output divergence • Diode pumping is integrated with jet impingement cooling for laser rod thermal control • Unique Robin Reeder birefringence compensation • Compact diode relay optics • Stray-light thermal shroud • Reduction in mass and volume by a factor of 5 from lab. breadboard to packaged unit 7

  8. Compact Transceiver for ATFLIR Targeting Pod on F/A-18 Space and Airborne Systems F/A-18 Transceiver Unit Electronics Unit • Compact and modular design & packaging. Total weight < 30 pounds. • Currently in volume production at Raytheon. 500 to 1000 units in the next 10 years. • Demonstrated superior performance and reliability under strong vibration and harsh environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from -54 to +71 oC. • Deployment in harsh real combat environment (Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom) where reliability is critical. 8

  9. Preliminary Development Flow Diagram Space and Airborne Systems • Requirements • Analysis • Flow-down from NASA LaRC • ICD • Envelope • Mass • Thermal • Shock/vibe • Future use • Contamination • Pressure • etc. • System Design & • Scaling • Raytheon laser/lidar models • Modeling and scaling • Optimization • Procurement • Parts list and specifications • Procurement • etc • Opto-Mech • Design • Mounts • Package • Alignment Plan Fabrication Assembly and Packaging Integration And Testing Airborne demonstration Space Cal/Val Additional funding needed for airborne demonstration Supported by Raytheon IRAD Supported by NASA IIP 9

  10. LaRC Capabilities • Space-based atmospheric profiling lidar missions (LITE, CALIPSO) • Space-based wind mission design (LAWS, SPARCLE, GTWS, ISAL/IMDC) • 2-micron pulsed laser design, development, optimization, record pulse energy • Coherent (heterodyne) lidar (9-11 mm CO2, 1 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm) • Coherent Doppler wind lidar systems (CO2, first 1 mm, first 2 mm) • Lidar field measurements (VALIDAR) • Laser Risk Reduction Program co-lead with GSFC • Laser/Lidar Technologies for Exploration co-lead with GSFC • Unique Lidar Intercomparison Facility (LIF) • Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds • Laser Diode Array Working Group, vice-chair

  11. Project Details • Official start date is 10/1/05; 3 years duration • Will use LaRC’s Ho:Tm:LuLF solid-state 2-micron laser • Will begin with partially conductively cooled laser design (LDAs are conductively cooled and the laser rod is liquid cooled). Packaged lidar may be upgraded to all conductively cooled in the future. • Will package for aircraft operation with eye on space qualification needs • Will try to accommodate interchangeable master oscillator modules to permit post-IIP “wind” and “CO2” interchangeable lidar modes • Beyond IIP, will require telescope, scanner, and software for aircraft operation

  12. Conclusions Space and Airborne Systems • We are confident in the Doppler wind lidar measurement technique and in the 2-micron laser technology • The laser advances and the hybrid DWL concept for space has dramatically reduced the gap between the demonstrated and required laser and large optics • Of the remaining tasks in the roadmap to space, packaging of the 2-micron lidar technology is a logical next step • We are grateful for the previous NASA and IPO/NPOESS funding that has brought us to this point • We are pleased that NASA has selected several wind related IIP proposals • LaRC looks forward to working with partner RSAS on this IIP award, and is grateful for the internal funds that RSAS is contributing

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