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ENERGY STAR Multifamily High Rise Program

ENERGY STAR Multifamily High Rise Program. Introduction to the Prescriptive Path July 2011. Prescriptive Path Components. Prerequisites Performance Target Simulation Guidelines Performance Path Calculator Modeling Checklist Prescriptive Requirements Testing and Verification (T&V)

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ENERGY STAR Multifamily High Rise Program

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  1. ENERGY STARMultifamily High Rise Program Introduction to the Prescriptive Path July 2011

  2. Prescriptive Path Components • Prerequisites • Performance Target • Simulation Guidelines • Performance Path Calculator • Modeling Checklist • Prescriptive Requirements • Testing and Verification (T&V) • Benchmarking

  3. Prerequisites & Prescriptive Requirements Appliances Heating and Cooling Equipment & Distribution Envelope Garages and Sidewalks Ventilation and Infiltration Domestic Water Heating Lighting Pump Motor Efficiency 3

  4. Appliances • When provided in common areas and/or apartments, refrigerators, dishwashers, clothes washers, ceiling fans, ceiling exhaust fans, in-line exhaust fans and vending machines must be ENERGY STAR qualified. • No additional Prescriptive requirement.

  5. Heating and Cooling Equipment – ASHRAE Mandatory Provisions The heating and cooling systems must comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section 6.4. In addition, the systems must also comply with Prescriptive Path Section 6.5. 5

  6. Heating and Cooling Equipment – Sizing and Load Calculations • Load sizing calculations must reflect the design. The installed capacity cannot exceed design by more than 20%, except when smaller sizes are not available. • Loads must be calculated and equipment selected per latest editions of ACCA Manual J & S, ASHRAE 2009 Handbook of Fundamentals, or equivalent procedure. • No additional Prescriptive requirement.

  7. Heating and Cooling Equipment – Minimum Efficiencies • See Table 1 for list of equipment and minimum efficiencies per ASHRAE 90.1-2007 climate zones. • See ASHRAE 189.1-2009 for equipment not listed in Table 1.

  8. Heating Equipment – Prescriptive Requirements • No electric resistance space heating is permitted in any space. • Atmospherically vented gas furnaces and boilers cannot be specified.

  9. Heating Equipment – Minimum Efficiencies for Boilers • In Climate Zones 1-5: Boilers < 300,000 Btuh must be ≥ 85% AFUE. • In Climate Zones 6-8: Boilers < 300,000 Btuh must be ≥ 90% AFUE. • Boilers ≥ 300,000 Btuh must be ≥ 87% Et, or ≥ 89% Et if used with water-source heat pumps.

  10. Heating Equipment – Minimum Efficiencies for Furnaces • For CZ 1, 2, and 3, in-unit warm-air furnaces <225,000 Btuh must be 80% AFUE or greater. • For CZ 4&5, in-unit warm-air furnaces <225,000 Btuh must be ENERGY STAR qualified. • For CZ 6, 7 and 8, in-unit warm-air furnaces <225,000 Btuh must be 95% AFUE or greater if gas-fired and 90% AFUE or greater if oil-fired. • Furnaces <225,000 Btuh serving common areas must be greater than 78% AFUE. • Warm-air furnaces ≥225,000 Btuh must be ≥80% Et if gas-fired and ≥81% Et if oil-fired.

  11. Heating and Cooling Equipment – Minimum Efficiencies for PTAC/PTHP • Equations based on capacity determine minimum efficiencies for PTACs and PTHPs. • Example: PTAC EER=13.8-(0.3xCap/1000) “Cap” is capacity and must be a number between 7,000 and 15,000 Btuh.

  12. Heating and Cooling Equipment - Minimum Efficiencies for ASHPs • Air-cooled heat pumps in Climate Zones 1 and 2, must meet or exceed SEER 15 and 8.2 HSPF. • They must be ENERGY STAR qualified in Climate Zones 3 to 8. • Climate Zones 4-6 have additional HSPF requirements. • Dual-fuel for zones 7&8

  13. Cooling Equipment – Minimum Efficiencies for Split ACs • Split system air conditioners in any zone that are less than 13,000 Btuh must be SEER 13 or greater. • For Climate Zones 1 and 2, split system ACs must be SEER 16 or greater. • For Climate Zones 3, 4 and 5, split system ACs must be ENERGY STAR qualified. • For Climate Zones 6, 7 and 8, split system ACs must be SEER 13 or greater.

  14. Cooling Equipment – ENERGY STAR or better • In all zones, all window, through-wall, and mini-split air conditioners (or heat pumps) must be ENERGY STAR qualified.

  15. Heating and Cooling Equipment-Other Prescriptive Requirements Cooling tower fan motors must be equipped with variable frequency drives that are controlled by a temperature sensor on the condenser water supply pipe. 15

  16. Heating and Cooling Distribution – Ducted Forced Air System Design • For in-unit ducted forced air distribution systems, perform design calculations (using ACCA Manuals J and D, the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or an equivalent procedure) and install ducts according to design. • Flex duct shall follow the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ (SMACNA) installation standards for flex ducts. • Bedrooms must be pressure-balanced. • No additional Prescriptive Requirement.

  17. Heating and Cooling Distribution – Insulation Heating and cooling supply and return ductwork must be insulated to a minimum R-8 in unconditioned space. Piping carrying fluid or steam with temperatures less than 60°F or greater than 105°F, must have a minimum of 1” of insulation. Pipes over 1.5” in diameter must have a minimum of 1.5” of insulation. (No additional requirement.) 17

  18. Heating and Cooling Distribution –Sealing and Leakage • Heating and cooling ductwork must be sealed at all transverse joints and connections, including ductwork connections through drywall or other finish materials, using UL-181 compliant methods and materials. • Total duct leakage for in-unit ducted forced air systems shall be: ≤6 CFM25 per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area for units 1200 ft2 and greater. ≤8 CFM25 per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area for units less than 1200 ft2.

  19. Heating and Cooling Distribution Controls Thermostats Outside air dampers Hydronic design No additional Prescriptive Requirement. 19

  20. Envelope – Air Barrier & Infiltration • The building plans shall demonstrate a continuous, unbroken air barrier separating the conditioned space of the building from the exterior and other unconditioned or commercial spaces. • Apartments shall be sealed to reduce air exchange between the apartment and exterior as well as the apartment and adjacent spaces. • A maximum air leakage rate of 0.30 CFM50 per square feet of enclosure is allowed.

  21. Envelope • The envelope components must comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section 5.4. • See Tables 2 and 3 of the Prescriptive Path for minimum R-values and maximum assembly U-values per ASHRAE climate zones.

  22. Envelope – Climate Specific Requirements • Roof • Above-Grade Walls • Below-Grade Walls • Floors • Slabs • Unheated • Heated • Exterior Doors • Vertical Glazing • Nonmetal • Metal

  23. Envelope – Climate Specific Requirements • For example, an attic in Climate Zone 5 would prescriptively need R-49 in between roof rafters. • If selecting another insulation method, the U-value of the roof assembly cannot exceed U-0.021.

  24. Envelope – U-values, Insulation Grade • U-value determinations must follow ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Appendix A. • An area weighted average of the U-values of the wall and floor perimeter assemblies is acceptable. • RESNET-defined Grade I insulation installation or Grade II if combined with continuous insulation (≥R-3 in CZ 1-4 and ≥R-5 in CZ 5-8). • No additional prescriptive requirement.

  25. Envelope – Vestibules & AC sleeves • When required by local building code, entranceways shall be designed with vestibules with weather-stripping hard-fastened to the door or frame. • Insulated covers (R-7 or higher) for through-wall AC units must be provided by the building for use during the heating season or when AC units are not installed. • No additional prescriptive requirement.

  26. Envelope – Walls & Windows • For steel-framed and metal buildings, continuous exterior insulation is required. • For masonry buildings with metal framing, continuous interior or exterior insulation is required. • Specified windows must be double or triple-pane, with low-e glass or coatings. • Maximum allowable window to wall ratio: 30%

  27. Garages and Sidewalks • Garages shall be fully compartmentalized. • All pipe & conduit penetrations shall be sealed. • Garages shall not be heated for comfort or to prevent pipes from freezing. • Radiant heating, either wall or ceiling-mounted or within the garage floor (or sidewalks) may be used to prevent ice formation on the ground as a safety feature only. • When exhaust is required by code, CO sensors must be installed to control operation.

  28. Ventilation – ASHRAE 62 requirements • Common area ventilation systems shall be designed and tested to satisfy minimum requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2007. • Apartment ventilation systems shall be designed and tested to satisfy minimum requirements of ASHRAE 62.2-2007 based upon the anticipated occupancy. • Measured rates cannot exceed ASHRAE 62-2007 rates by more than 50%.

  29. Ventilation – Duct sealing & Leakage • Ventilation system ductwork must be sealed at all transverse joints and connections including boot to wall/ceiling connections through drywall using UL-181 compliant materials and methods. • Ductwork penetrations must be sealed at the roof curb to prevent air leakage through the duct system and/or the building envelope. • Central exhaust systems must be tested for duct leakage, which cannot exceed 5 CFM50 per floor per shaft. See T&V Protocols for details.

  30. Ventilation – Controls • Central exhaust fans ≤ 1/16 HP must be direct-drive and have variable speed controllers. • Central exhaust fans between 1/16 and 1 HP must be direct-drive with ECM motors and variable speed controllers. • Central exhaust fans 1 HP and larger must have NEMA Premium efficient motors.

  31. Ventilation – Controls, continued • Central exhaust and in-line exhaust systems serving apartments must have self-balancing dampers at each grille. • Powered common laundry ventilation must be installed with automatic demand control to turn off ventilation fans when no dryers are operating. 

  32. Domestic Water Heating – ASHRAE Mandatory Provisions • Domestic water heating systems must comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section 7.4 and 7.5.

  33. Domestic Water Heating – Minimum Efficiencies • Domestic water heating equipment shall be ENERGY STAR qualified, where applicable. • Minimum Efficiencies: Hot Water Supply Boiler (oil or gas): 85% Et In-Unit Storage or Instantaneous: Gas (EF): 0.69-(0.002 x Tank Gallon Capacity) Electric (EF): 0.97-(0.001 x Tank Gallon Capacity)

  34. Domestic Water Heating - Type • Atmospherically vented gas water heaters, tankless coils and side-arm water heaters shall not be specified. • If storage is provided, the maximum storage tank capacity shall be specified based on occupancy.

  35. Domestic Water Heating – Temperature and Pressure • Self-contained or electronic mixing valves shall be used to control hot water temperature for central domestic water heating systems. • The temperature of the stored hot water shall be just sufficient to deliver water to apartments within a temperature range of 120-125°F.

  36. Domestic Water Heating – Low Flow • All lavatory faucets or aerators must be WaterSense labeled. • The average flow rate for all other faucets must be ≤ 2.00 gpm. • The average flow rate for all showers must be ≤ 1.75 gallons per minute per stall and all showerheads must be WaterSense labeled. • All tank-type toilets must be WaterSense labeled.

  37. Lighting • Lighting must comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section 9.4. • 80% of installed light fixtures must be ENERGY STAR qualified or have ENERGY STAR qualified lamps (bulbs) installed. • Lighting must be designed to meet light levels (footcandles) by space type as recommended by the Illumination Engineering Society (IESNA) Lighting Handbook, 9th edition.

  38. Lighting – Footcandles (lumen/ft2)

  39. Lighting – Common Areas • All non-apartment spaces, except those where automatic shutoff would endanger the safety of occupants, must have occupancy sensors or automatic bi-level lighting controls. Automatic controls are required in 24-hour areas such as corridors and stairwells. • Total installed lighting power for the combined common spaces should not exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010allowances for those combined spaces.

  40. Lighting – ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Lighting Power Densities (LPDs)

  41. Lighting – Calculations • The requirement of ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Section 9.1.4a, that light fixtures MUST be calculated with the maximum labeled wattage of the fixture is not required. • Example: A fixture with a 13 W screw-in CFL can be modeled as 13 W, plus any associated ballast power. See Appendix B of Prescriptive Path for suggested ballast power.

  42. Lighting – Calculations inside Units • Overall in-unit lighting power density may not exceed 0.75 W/ft2. • Use 1.1 W/ft2 for areas inside units where lighting is not installed (ex. Living rooms and bedrooms that use switched outlets). • Use data from light fixtures to calculate LPD of spaces where lighting is installed and take the weighted average to get the overall LPD. • In spaces where supplemental lighting will be needed, installed fixtures may only illuminate up to 2 ft2 per Watt.

  43. Lighting – Calculations inside Units BR1 – 150 ft2 Kitchen - 200 ft2 Bath – 50 ft2 Hall – 100 ft2 Living Room- 300 ft2 BR2 – 150 ft2 950 ft2 x 0.75 Watts/ft2 = 712 Watts

  44. Lighting – Calculations inside Units BR1 – 150 ft2 Kitchen - 200 ft2 Bath – 50 ft2 Hall – 100 ft2 Living Room- 300 ft2 Unlit area – 100 ft2, assume 110 W supplied by occupant Lit area – 200 ft2, 100 W installed BR2 – 150 ft2

  45. Lighting – Exterior • 80% of outdoor lighting fixtures must be ENERGY STAR qualified or have ENERGY STAR qualified lamps installed. • Fixtures must include automatic switching on timers or photocell controls except fixtures intended for 24-hour operation, required for security, or located on apartment balconies. • Total installed exterior lighting power cannot exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010allowances.

  46. Lighting – Exit Signs • All exit signs must be specified as LED (not to exceed 5W per face) or photo-luminescent and must conform to local building code; fixtures located above stairwell doors and other forms of egress must contain a battery back-up feature.

  47. Pump Motor Efficiency • All three-phase pump motors 1 HP or larger shall meet or exceed efficiency standards for NEMA Premium™ motors, where available. • Many motors are NEMA labeled and this label alone, does not ensure that a motor is energy-efficient. This requirement refers specifically to the NEMA Premiumenergy efficient motors program. • Motors 5 HP or larger for circulating pumps serving hydronic heating or cooling systems must be specified with variable frequency drives.

  48. Metering • The commercial/retail parts of the building shall be separately metered or sub-metered for electricity, gas, fuel oil, water, and steam, where applicable. • The building owner must secure signed utility bill releases from individual apartment occupants to allow for benchmarking or obtain whole-building consumption data from their local utility. • The building owner must provide a signed release for the common area/whole-building utility meters.

  49. Testing and Verification • Buildings following the Prescriptive Path must also follow the Testing and Verification Protocols. • These protocols are the mandatory requirements for the inspection, testing and verification of components related to the building’s energy performance. • The intent of the protocols is to verify that • the construction documents & final building include all Prerequisites and Prescriptive requirements. • measures have been installed and perform as expected.

  50. Testing and Verification • Changes to the initial design noted during inspections must be reflected in the revised T&V Worksheets and submitted at the end of construction. • All Prescriptive requirements must still be met in order to earn the ENERGY STAR. If any are not met, an As-Built energy model could be used to earn the ENERGY STAR, if it meets the 15% Performance Target and Prerequisites. • The T&V Worksheets and Photo Template must be submitted as they document the results of all mandatory testing and verification.

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