1. Wireless Sensor Network Dr. Mahmuda Naznin Department of Computer Science Engineering Date: November 18, 2007

2. Nature of Sensor Network • Ad-hoc • Low cost • Low power • Small Processing Capabilities • Limited Communication Bandwidth • Remotely deployed • Redundant number of sensors

3. Challenges and Issues • Deployment • Coverage and Connectivity • Tracking • Sensing and Transmission • Routing • Minimizing Range of Communication • Faster Routing, switching • How to communicate with standard internet protocols • Sensor database • Data aggregation and transmission • Query processing • Security issues

4. Remote Deployment of Sensor Networks Case Study: Monitoring the mountains of Afghanistan

5. Context Military monitoring of Oppositional Forces in remote, inaccessible areas like the mountains of Afghanistan and Pakistan using wireless sensor networks.

6. Kyber Pass – One of the more accessible roadways in this part of the world, rarely used by guerilla fighters

7. Distribution: Methods Air-scatter, Air-dropLikely conducted at night to avoid detection Multiple Launch Rocket System

8. Distribution: Package Smart Dust or bigger motes could be dropped at altitude as a bundle with parachute… then scattered at low altitude to control distribution area Smart dust is great for military applications because it is small (appx 1mm), difficult to detect, can be dropped at high altitude Motes could be disguised as rocks…

9. Data, Sensors: The Target Trucks, horses, pedestrians Seismic, audio, heat, visual, chemical, electromagnetic signatures