Skills You Need: Study Strategies, Memory, and Note-taking

1. Chapter 6 Skills You Need: Study Strategies, Memory, and Note-taking

2. Questions to Consider How can you get the most out of being in class? When reading your textbook, what are the best strategies to really learn the material? What matters more—how much time you spend studying or how you study? What memory techniques work best? How can you apply these techniques to your study practices?

3. Questions to Consider How can you find out if you are mastering the material? Does it matter which note-taking method you use? How can you best use your notes to help prepare for tests?

4. Dickinson and O’Connell (1990) Research Question: Does how long you study or how you study matter more? What study approach works best? James Woodson/Jupiter Images

5. The Study

6. The Results!

7. Defining Organizing • Put information into your own words • Create links between concepts via a hierarchical structure • Create examples to help concepts come alive

8. The So What Factor Reading and reviewing, while important, are NOT enough! Increasing organizing techniques will maximize study time

9. Making the Most of Class Experiences Attendance is positively linked to academic performance Preparation is needed to be an active participant jannoon028/Shutterstock.com

10. Be an Active Participant in Class See Actively Participating in Class in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

11. Textbooks: Beyond Just Reading • Use textbook as resource • Preview the chapter or section, taking advantage of headings and subheadings • Break it up into manageable chunks • Take notes (close the book first!) • Try the 3 R technique

12. McDaniel, Howard, & Einstein (2009) The Read-Recite-Review Study Strategy: Effective and Portable Dmitriy Shironosov/Shutterstock.com

13. The Research Question Which reading strategy (re-reading, note-taking, 3R) works best? angelo sarnacchiaro/Shutterstock.com

14. The Study TestScores

15. The Results!

16. The So What Factor! Using the 3R technique will not add significantly to study time, but will likely lead to more positive academic outcomes Consider both verbal and written methods for step 2- Recite

17. Study Strategies that Work!

18. Reviewing and Organizing Techniques See Table 6.1 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

19. Testing Your Knowledge See Testing Your Knowledge in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works! Stop

20. MEMORY stockphoto/AndreyVolodin

21. Forgetting See Figure 6.1 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

22. Memory Process

23. Encoding See Encoding Strategies in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

24. Storage Short Term Memory Long Term Memory Holds endless supply of information forever • Holds limited information for brief periods of time, often only seconds • Miller’s (1956) Famous Study- limited capacity 7 +/- 2

25. Memory Strategies • Rehearsal • Elaboration • Chunking • Stories • Mnemonics Lightspring/Shutterstock.com

26. Exercise: Short Term Memory Capacity • Pony • Ice Cream • Skateboard • Leaf • Potato • Toaster • Locker • Necklace • Picture • Shirt • Microphone • Calculator • Trophy • Cat • Sun

27. Mnemonics Acronyms Sentence or Acrostic Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Order of operations Remembering Takes Much Effortful Practice or Several, Catchy, Silly, Mnemonics Short term to long term memory strategies • ROY G BIV • Colors of Rainbow • OCEAN • Big 5 Personality Factors

28. Short Term to Long Term Toolbox See Table 6.2 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

29. NOTE-TAKING:OUR ONLY HOPE! Tom Peterson

30. Getting Ready to Take Notes Preparing to Take Notes in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

31. Note-taking Methods • Cornell • Concept maps • Matrix • Traditional outline • Linear

32. Cornell Method • Use the right hand side to take notes during class • After class, fill in left side with headings or organizational questions and complete the summary at the bottom See Figure 6.2 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

33. Concept Maps • Put the main idea in a circle near the center of the page • Supporting ideas are then put in smaller circles and lines connect the concepts • Can be hierarchical, but not always See Figure 6.3 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

34. Matrix • Use a table format to connect concepts to one another • Main topics on top and subtopics on the left • According to research, this is the most effective method! See Figure 6.4 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

35. Traditional Outline • Main headings go toward left of page • Subheadings are indented See Figure 6.5 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

36. Linear Notes • Phrases, sentences, or paragraphs • Little or no organization • Least effective method See Figure 6.6 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!

37. Note-taking: What’s Important? • Spending a lot of time on the topic • Repeating the information • Providing several examples • Talking in a louder voice or with more passion • Writing it on the board or putting it in a Power Point slide Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

38. Note-taking: Tips and Strategies See Table 6.4 in Chapter 6 of Student Success in College: Doing What Works!