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Chemical Composition of Fibers

Chemical Composition of Fibers. Chemical Composition of Fibers. Fibers are polymers: long chains made of simple molecules. Natural Fibers. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur ).

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Chemical Composition of Fibers

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  1. Chemical Composition of Fibers

  2. Chemical Composition of Fibers Fibers are polymers: long chains made of simple molecules

  3. Natural Fibers • Wool • Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) • Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) http://www.leydenglenlamb.com/photos.htm

  4. Natural Fibers • Wool • Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) • Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) • Silk • Polymer= protein • Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/silkworm/silkworm1.jpg

  5. Natural Fibers • Wool • Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) • Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) • Silk • Polymer= protein • Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) • Cotton • Polymer= cellulose (plant) • Monomer= glucose http://www.texaspolicecentral.com/Texas-Patriotism.php

  6. Natural Fibers • Wool • Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) • Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) • Silk • Polymer= protein • Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) • Cotton • Polymer= cellulose (plant) • Monomer= glucose • Linen • Polymer= cellulose (flax plant) • Longer chains than cotton which makes it brittle • Monomer= glucose http://www.flowers-cs.com/flax.html

  7. Man-made Fibers • Rayon • Cellulose fiber, then chemically altered, burns like cotton • Acetate • Made from a reaction between cellulose and acetic acid

  8. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers • Polyamides —linked by amino group • Example: Nylon • Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html

  9. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers • Polyamides—linked by amino group • Example: Nylon • Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers • Polyesters —linked by ester group • Stronger linkage than polyamides • Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross-linked (rigid) Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html

  10. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers • Polyamides—linked by amino group • Example: Nylon • Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers • Polyesters—lined by ester group • Stronger linkage than polyamides • Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross-linked (rigid ) • Spandex—structurally similar to polyamide • Made of segments of polyurethane connected to long segments of polyesters • Resulting spandex can stretch up to 600 times and recover original strength http://www.fingerpainrelief.com/rubber-band-therapy-for-finger-pain/

  11. Video clips on slide two—click on the two pictures within the chain • Clip 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmlunCbBV_o&feature=related • If link is broken, go to YouTube and search “Oil Absorbing Polymer” • Clip 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWoQ3D6RMXs&feature=related • If link is broken, go to YouTube and search “Spangler's Polymer Experiment on The Ellen Show”

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