Presentation Transcript

1. Bioenergy Platforms and Technologies By Prof. Thomson Sinkala tsinkala@gmail.com CHAIRMAN, Biofuels Association of Zambia Presented at the Regional Workshop on MAINSTREAMING AFRICA BIOENERGY POLICY FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES Organised by African Union and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 16 – 18 September, Nairobi, KENYA Powerful bioenergy feedstock from our body FROM: http://www.sswm.info FROM: http://designtaxi.com
2. CONTENTS Bioenergy production technologies Research, development, demonstration and deployment Institutional and technical capacity development Conclusions
3. BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
4. GENERAL ORGANISATION OF TECHNOLOGIES Fuel wood Charcoal Agricultural waste Wood pellets Biogas Bioethanol(equivalent of gasoline) Biodiesel (equivalent of diesel), and Bioelectricity
5. Examples of Firewood Production Technologies and Use A lot in store, few trips Easy to transport Easy to harvest Clean cooking stove Unhealthy cooking Little in store, many trips A burden to carry Strenuous to harvest
6. Examples of Charcoal Fuel Technologies and Use
7. Example of Agricultural Waste for Cooking Cooking Heaping Drying Litter
8. Examples of Wood Pellet Processing
9. Example of Biogas Production (FROM: http://www.google.co.zm/imgres?imgurl=)
10. Agro/Bioenergy Production Synergies (FROM: biogas.ifas.ufl.edu)
11. Electricity Production from Biogas (FROM: http://www.google.co.zm/imgres?imgurl=)
12. Biogas Market Biogas generator (Alibaba) Biogas fridge Biogas cookstove Biogas car (oneighturbo.com) BIOGAS (One Stop Gas) Biogas train (www.metaefficient.com) Biogas lamp Biogas bus (Sweden) Biogas motorbike (www.inforse.org) Biogas truck
13. Examples of Bioethanol Feedstocks + Grass and Wood
14. Bioethanol Feedstock Characteristics (Costs are for Zambia)
15. Bioethanol, bioelectricity and fertiliser (FROM: http://www.sseassociation.org/Publications/feasibilitystudyofsweetsorghum.pdf)
16. Modular Biorefineries and their Importance Can be commissioned within 5 - 8 months. No need for large start-up capital. Can process multiple feedstocks. Minimum 500,000 L/year (1,670 L/day) bioethanol. Minimum 360,000 L/year (1,000 L/day) biodiesel. Fermentation module E.g. Mansego Modular Bioethanol Refinery Distillation module Dehydration module Liquefaction module
17. Bioethanol Market Flexi fuel generator Bioethanol fridge Bioethanol cookstove Flexi fuel car Eg. BIOETHANOL A One-Stop Fuel Flexi fuel plane Bioethanol lantern Bioethanol truck Flexi fuel motorbike Bioethanol bus
18. Examples of Biodiesel Feedstocks Animal Fat, Waste Cooking Oil, Algae and Wood +
19. Biodiesel Feedstock Characteristics (Costs are for Zambia)
20. Biodiesel Processing
21. Biomass for Electricity Generation in Biodiesel Processing (SOURCE: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_bCNdcYdqloQ/S9jg4-iNsFI/AAAAAAAAAMA/E7jJT3RVEfQ/s1600/palmtree-biomass.jpg)
22. Electricity Generation from Biomass (SOURCE: http://www.mpoweruk.com/biofuels.htm)
23. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION AND DEPLOYMENT
24. Activities include identifying and addressing the challenges for sustainable bioenergy production through good industry governance, field trials, applied research, capacity building, modelingand analysis.
25. Feedstock for Wood, Charcoal and Pellets EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH AREAS Fast-growing and water-efficient forest plants Sustainable wood harvest Efficient forest marketing Incorruptible forestry governance and licensing
26. Cookstoves (FROM: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov)
27. (FROM: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov)
28. Feedstock Supply and Logistics Feedstock constitutes about 70% of final bioenergy product. Providing biomass for conversion into biofuels represents an economic opportunity for communities across Africa. This requires developing the technologies and systems needed to sustainably and economically deliver a broad range of biomass in formats that enable efficient use in biorefineries.
29. Feedstock Supply and Logistics (continued) The diverse biomass transformed by these technologies and systems must be consistent, quality-controlled commodity products that can be efficiently handled, stored, and transported to biorefineriesfor processing. This work requires a complementary focus on feedstock supply interfaces and logistics, as follows (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov). • Interfaces: To develop compatibility at interfaces with commercial-scale handling equipment and conversion processes, R&D should explore biomass specifications and characteristics, the effects of various handling techniques, and the resulting impacts on conversion performance. • Logistics: R&D is required for systems for harvesting, collecting, preprocessing, storing, and transporting diverse forms of biomass more efficiently. Therefore it is important to also research and develop equipment and systems to improve biomass quality, reduce costs, and increase productivity.
30. INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
31. INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Government Policies, regulations and standards Governance Information on value for investment (e.g. balance sheet approach) Etc Industry Feedstocks Technologies Production efficiencies Etc
32. Public / consumers Consumer information Value chain information Products Standards Etc Universities / Educational Institutions Mainstreaming bioenergy in curricula Research, development and demonstration Etc
33. NGOs Community needs and information Bioenergy industry participatory methods Community resource management Land rights Gender issues Etc RECs Identifying and providing info on best practices in bioenergy development Capacity building in cross-border bioenergy issues Etc
34. CONCLUSIONS
35. Africa has resources (material and human), but lacks productive action. Available technologies can be used to establish a vibrant bioenergy industry in Africa. Bioenergy is (probably) the only industry that can benefit on sustainable basis. Economic empowerment from bioenergy industry, if well organised, can reduce conflicts and save the environment.
36. Thank you for your attention