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Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst -Scientific Director- (WING, University of Vechta, Germany)

Patterns and Dynamics of Global and European Egg Production and Trade. Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst -Scientific Director- (WING, University of Vechta, Germany). Paper presented at the Turkish Egg Summit in Antalya November 1st, 2013. AGENDA.

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Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst -Scientific Director- (WING, University of Vechta, Germany)

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  1. Patterns and Dynamics of Global and European Egg Production and Trade Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst -Scientific Director- (WING, University of Vechta, Germany) Paper presented at the Turkish Egg Summit in Antalya November 1st, 2013

  2. AGENDA • The globalization of egg production an egg trade • The banning of conventional cages in the EU (27) and impacts on egg production and egg trade • Challenges for the global and European egg industry • Results and perspectives

  3. 1. The dynamics of global egg production and egg trade

  4. What is globalisation?

  5. Globalisation understood as the global organisation of • production and trade describes: • an ongoing process, • the growing interdependence and linkage of countries, • the increasing mobility of goods, services and capital, • the reduction of transaction costs, • the standardisation of products, • the dissemination of technologies, • and the growing importance of new communication • technologies.

  6. The globalisation of egg production

  7. The development of global egg production between 1970 and 2010 FAO

  8. Development of global egg production between 1990 and 2010 WING

  9. The development of global egg production between 1970 and 2011 by continents FAO

  10. The changing contribution of the continents to global egg production between 1970 and 2011 FAO

  11. The changing contribution of the continents to global egg production between 1970 and 2011 FAO

  12. The ten leading countries in global egg production in 1970 and 2011 Turkey: 810 = 1,2 % FAO

  13. The ten leading EU (27) member countries in egg Production in 2000 and 2012; data in 1,000 t FAO, MEG 2013

  14. Countries with the highest increase in egg production between 1990 and 2010

  15. Countries with the highest decrease in egg production between 1990 and 2010 * 1992 ** 1993 FAO

  16. Results: • Global egg production increased by 44.2 mill. t between 1970 and 2011 and • reached a production volume of 65.0 mill. t. • Asia was the big winner whereas Europe and North America lost • considerable shares in the analysed time period. In 2011, Asian countries • contributed 58.8 % to the global production volume. • European countries lost their leading position in 1988 to Asian countries. • Despite a considerable increase in their production volume, North • American countries could not maintain their share of 1970. • The contribution of Africa and Central and South America to global egg • production remained fairly stable between 1990 and 2010.

  17. The globalisation of egg trade

  18. Development of global egg exports between 1970 and 2010 FAO

  19. Development of global egg imports between 1970 and 2010 FAO

  20. The changing contribution of the continents to global egg trade FAO, own calculations

  21. Development of egg exports between 1990 and 2010 and exports by countries (2010) FAO

  22. The ten leading egg exporting countries in 1970 and 2010 FAO

  23. Development of egg imports between 1990 and 2010 and imports by countries (2010) FAO

  24. The ten leading egg importing countries in 1970 and 2010 FAO

  25. Balance of trade with shell eggs by countries (2010) FAO, own calculations

  26. The fifteen countries with the highest positive and negative balance of trade with shell eggs in 2010 Own Calculations

  27. 2. The banning of conventional cages for laying hens in the EU (27) and impacts on egg production and egg trade

  28. BACKGROUND • On July 19th, 1999 the EU Commission passed: • COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/74/EC • laying down minimum standards for the protection • of laying hens. • The directive decided that: • - From January 1st, 2012 on all cages will be prohibited. • - From January 1st, 2003 on no such cages must be • installed in EU member countries. • - Member countries may decide to ban cages earlier • and to tighten regulations of the directive.

  29. BACKGROUND • Directive 1999/74/EC distinguishes between: • Alternative Systems • Unenriched cage systems • Enriched cages • The Commission also decided that before the final imple- • mentation of the directive, additional scientific studies • should be undertaken to analyze the impacts on the welfare • of laying hens and the economy of production.

  30. BACKGROUND • EU: • Conventional cages banned from January 1st, 2012 on. • Not all member countries met the deadline. • Estimated cost: about 1.2 billion €. • In January 2013, about 30 mill. of the 350 mill. layers were • still kept in conventional cages, 17 mill. in Italy alone. • Problems: trade of eggs that are produced in old cages. • Rest of Europe: • No cages in Norway and Switzerland; conventional cages • still used in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia; animal welfare • discussion not yet important in the latter countries. Laying hens in conventional cages (in June 2012, Mio. animals) Portugal: 2.7 Belgium: 3.5 Poland: 2.3 Greece: 1.8 Netherlands: 1.6 Cyprus: 0.1 Spain: 12.7 Italy: 17.3 France: 1.5 EU: 43.4 Mio. hens

  31. BACKGROUND

  32. The six leading EU (27) member countries in egg production in 2000 and 2012; data in 1,000 t FAO, MEG 2013

  33. Impacts on egg supply and egg prices - Germany - - EU - 27

  34. EGG SUPPLY • Germany • In Germany, conventional cages were already banned from • January 1st 2010 on, two years earlier than in the • rest of the EU. • The development of egg production in this country • can demonstrate possible impacts of such a decision.

  35. Development of layer farms and the number of laying hens in Germany between 2000 and 2012 (Source: DESTATIS 2013) Decrease 14,6 % Decrease 10,8 %

  36. Development of the German self-sufficiency rate for shell eggs and of egg imports between 2000 and 2013 Impacts of Animal Welfare regulations in Europe

  37. EGG SUPPLY Potential number of laying hens in Germany

  38. Development of the number of laying hens in Germany between January 2011 and December 2013 EMA 9/2913 38

  39. EGG SUPPLY Price development for shell eggs in Germany (wholesale price); data in €/100 eggs EMA 8/2013

  40. Impacts on egg supply and egg prices - Germany - EU - 27

  41. EGG SUPPLY Potential number of laying hens in EU-27

  42. Development of the number of laying hens in the EU between January 2011 and December 2013 EMA 9/2913 43

  43. EGG SUPPLY

  44. EGG SUPPLY Price development for shell eggs in the Netherlands (producer price); data in €/100 eggs EMA 8/2013

  45. EGG SUPPLY Price development for shell eggs in Spain (Bellpuig); data in €/100 eggs EMA 8/2013

  46. EGG SUPPLY Price development for shell eggs in Italy (Milano); data in €/100 eggs EMA 8/2013

  47. Impacts on egg trade

  48. EU (27) member countries with the highest per capita consumption and self sufficiency rate for shell eggs (2012) MEG 2013 49

  49. EU (27) member countries with the lowest per capita onsumption and self sufficiency rate for shell eggs (2012) * 2011 MEG 2013 50

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