1 / 9

UNIT V 1963-1991

UNIT V 1963-1991. CHINA. BACKGROUND - After losing Sino-Japanese war (1894-95), China was embarrassed & ripe for the picking. - Imperialists Brt., Fr., Germ., Russia, & Japan all ventured into Chinese markets => US = Open Door Policy

bien
Télécharger la présentation

UNIT V 1963-1991

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNIT V 1963-1991

  2. CHINA BACKGROUND - After losing Sino-Japanese war (1894-95), China was embarrassed & ripe for the picking. - Imperialists Brt., Fr., Germ., Russia, & Japan all ventured into Chinese markets => US = Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion (1900) – China attacked & removed foreigners. Sun Yat-sen - 1911 Sun Yat-Sen pushed out imperialists & became 1st President. Removed 5 Yr. Old leader of Manchu Dynasty. Wanted a democratic gov’t to help peasants. Established Kuomintang (KMT) – People’s Nationalist Party Note – China would go thru 2 decades of turmoil (WWI, Power struggles etc.) Pu Yi 5 yr. old

  3. CHINA CHIANG By 1920s Kuomintang (KMT) joined with communists to battle warlords fighting over Chinese rule. KMT was run by Chiang but Communist Mao was giving him a run for his money. Chiang turned on Communists. Chiang Kai-shek Chiang used red Stained necks to Id communists RISE OF MAO Mao organized Communists to fight Chiang. - Recognized importance of peasants over workers. - Guerilla war tactics / ‘Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) - Gained support by being loyal & helping to peasants. Long March – 1000s of miles & many battles. Mao Zedong Chiang used red Necks to ID Commis

  4. CHINA Manchurian Invasion • 1930s JAPANESE INVASION OF MANCHURIA • Chiang fought Mao / Mao fought Japanese => Mao won support!!! • Chaing forced to = weal alliance with Mao to fight Japanese. • After WW II Americans sided with Chiang but Mao defeated. • Chiang forced to Taiwan . • MAO = PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (1949) • - Not recognized in UN. • Why Mao won revolution. • 1. Won hearts of the people (Japanese/ peasants) • 2. Chiang became US puppet. • 3. Chiang corrupt / favoured wealthy Chiang forced To Taiwan Chiang = US Puppet

  5. MAO’S CHINA PROBLEMS MAO FACED 1. Japan & Russia looted industry. 2. Corrupt gov’t left devastated economy. 3. Extreme wealth dominated extreme poverty. MAO’S GOALS 1. Be a flexible communist. Felt Stalin was too strict => Encourage Collective farms not force. 2. Increase prestige of peasants => Landowners persecuted. Mao with Chinese peasants

  6. MAO’S CHINA • INDUSTRY’S 5 YR. PLAN • Slowly nationalize / unlike Stalin. • Reward with good jobs / • 1954 Soviet style 5 yr. plan • Focus on heavy industry. • consumer goods lacked. CULTURAL REVOLUTION (1966-69) Mao felt many were moving away from His version of communism. Mao feared a new oligarchy appearing. Red Guards attacked - revisionists (capitalist views) - specialists (non-labourers) - education (true communism) • 100 FLOWERS CAMPAIGN • At 1stencouraged science & • criticism. • Too much criticism ended • campaign but membership up • professionals acquired. GREAT LEAP FORWARDFAILED DUE TO : Full on communism. 1. Too much too quick 2nd 5 yr. plan2. Floods & drought Central planning => local planning / small communes. 3. Russia pulled support Absence of machines replaced by labour

  7. CHINA SINO-SOVIET SPLIT After WW II China accepted Soviet aid & help. By 1950, things were to change. Reasons for Sino-Soviet split 1. Little Russian help in Korea. 2. Russian industrial help slowed. 3. Soviets saw China as a satellite. 4. Soviets said no to nukes. 5. “Peaceful coexistence” assumed China not an equal (2 superpowers) 6. Khrushchev’s visit to USA = weak. CHINA IN 1980 Mao died & Deng in power 1. Opened trade 2. Eased communist rules. 1989 Tiananmen Square Today = “Open Totalitarian” 1970 Ping Pong Diplomacy led Nixon To China Khrushchev & Mao during Better times

  8. THE END OF THE COLD WAR Mid 80s Gorbachev’s USSR could not keep pace ($$$) - Proposed massive cuts - Perestroika – Reconstruction - Glasnost – Openess - Encourage other Soviet Bloc nations to follow. 1991 USSR had collapsed. Member Republics = Independence Yeltsin = Democracy COLD WAR CONTINUES Note– In 1970s USSR winning arms race; 1980s Reagan was to change that. USA- increases budget - Supported questionable right wing gov’ts -Nicaragua- US supported Contras?? USSR – Supported Pro-Communist struggles. EVENTS– USSR shoots down S. Korean airliner over Soviet airspace. - USA invades Communist Grenada (Caribbean) CANADA– Trudeau appeals to both for more restraint. - Mulroney forge closer US ties. 1983 Strategic Defence Initiative (‘Star Wars’) Can. Eventually backed out. Too much $ & US ties. Soviets Criticized as $ encouraging more ‘Nukes’ 1980s COLD WAR CHINA Encouraged Peresroika => Capitalism Freedoms crushed in Tianaanmen Square

  9. CHINA

More Related