Bibliography

1. Bibliography Black, Edwin. “The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics.” War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master race. George Mason News Network, 2003. http://hnn.us/article/1796

2. “. . .the concept of a white a blond haired, blue-eyed master Nordic race didn’t originate with Hitler. The idea was created in the United States, and cultivated in California, decades before Hitler came to power.” -Edwin Black, “The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics” from War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master race.

3. American’s Who Supported Eugenics Financially • Carnegie Institution had a lab that had millions of Americans that researchers used to plot “. . .the removal of families, bloodlines, and whole peoples” • Hairman railroad paid charities to “. . .seek out Jewish, Italian, and other immigrants in New York and other crowded cities and subject them to deportation, trumped up confinement or forced sterilization.” • “Rockefeller Foundation helped found the German eugenics program and even funded the program that Joseph Mengele worked in before he went to Auschwitz to conduct deadly experiments in concentration camps)”

4. Who supported Eugenics? • Elitist, utopians, and progressives wanted to make better world by populating with people from their own class. • Believed blond, blue-eyed, and Nordic types superior and wanted remove, blacks, Asians, Native Americans, Latinos, Eastern Europeans, Jews, poor people, and the infirm from genetics

5. How? • Identifying “defective families” • Segregating them and sterilizing them • Lethal chamber (public operated gas chamber) • 1918, Popenoe wrote in Applied Eugenics, a widely used textbook, “From a historical point of view, the first method which presents itself is execution. . .It’s value in keeping up the race should not be underestimated.” • This method not believed ready for American society

6. Euthanasia and Sterilization • Mental institutions and medical professionals used euthanasia on their own • Doctors often practiced “Passive Euthanasia” on infants (not giving medical treatment to infants and letting infants die) • 9,287 forced sterilizations in California, mostly women • Considered: “bad girls” • 1933 1,287 forced sterilizations performed- 700 women

7. US and Hitler • Hitler studied American Eugenic Laws • Used to explain his anti-Semitism • Able to recruit followers b/c stated science on his side • In Mein Kampf(Hitler’s autobiography) quoted American eugenic ideology “There is today one state in at least weak beginnings toward conception(of immigration) are noticeable. Of course, it is not our model German Republic, but the United States.”

8. “During the Reich’s early years, eugenicists across America welcomed Hitler’s plans as the logical fulfillment of their own decades of research and effort. California eugenicists republished Nazi propaganda for American consumption. They also arranged for Nazi scientific exhibits, . . .” (Black)

9. Eugenics and Holocaust • 1940 thousands of German removed from old age homes, mental facilities • 50,000-100,000 were killed • “While we were pussy-footing around. . .the Germans were calling a spade a spade.” Leon Whitney, executive secretary of American Eugenics Society

10. America Removes Itself • 1939 Rockefeller Foundation stopped funding stopped • Eugenics after WWII considered a crime, genocide • Germans used California laws and Holmes quote as defense during Nuremberg Trials, still found guilty

11. Nazi Germany United States • Sparta must be regarded as the first völkisch state. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more human than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject.” -Adolf Hitler • 1918, Popenoe wrote in Applied Eugenics, a widely used textbook in the U.S., “From a historical point of view, the first method which presents itself is execution. . .It’s value in keeping up the race should not be underestimated.” (Black)

12. Hitler Quotes American Quotes • “It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. . .” Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Homes, 1927 • “Birth control must lead ultimately to a cleaner race.” –Maragraet Sanger, Founder of Planned Parenthood1922, Woman, Morality, and Birth Control • “We should hire three or four colored ministers, preferably with social-service backgrounds, and with engaging personalities.  The most successful educational approach to the Negro is through a religious appeal. We don’t want the word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it ever occurs to any of their more rebellious members.” –MaragretSanger, Founder of Planned Parenthood, 1922, Woman, Morality, and Birth Control • A prevention of the faculty and opportunity to procreate on the part of the physically degenerate and mentally sick, over the period of only six hundred years, would not only free humanity from an immeasurable misfortune, but would lead to a recovery which today seems scarcely conceivable.“ Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf • “I have studied with great interest the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock.” -Adolf Hitler, Dictator of Nazi Germany

13. “Yes, the ruling about that surprised me. [Harris v. McRae — in 1980 the court upheld the Hyde Amendment, which forbids the use of Medicaid for abortions.] Frankly I had thought that at the time Roe was decided, there was concern about population growth and particularly growth in populations that we don’t want to have too many of. So that Roe was going to be then set up for Medicaid funding for abortion. Which some people felt would risk coercing women into having abortions when they didn’t really want them. But when the court decided McRae, the case came out the other way. And then I realized that my perception of it had been altogether wrong.” –U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, New York Times Magazine, July 7th, 2009

14. “[K]illinga defective infant is not morally equivalent to killing a person. Very often it is not wrong at all” –Dr. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 1979, p. 138. Current Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University