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Discussion on Ethnic Minorities. Ogbu (1991): Two types of ethnic minorities Involuntary Minority: African American, First Nations. Immigrant Minorities Rural/Urban. High SES/Low SES. Religious/Secular. Gender. Intersectionality.
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Discussion on Ethnic Minorities • Ogbu (1991): Two types of ethnic minorities • Involuntary Minority: African American, First Nations. • Immigrant Minorities • Rural/Urban. • High SES/Low SES. • Religious/Secular. • Gender. Intersectionality
«When comparing their present status with the future, involuntary minorities see their lack of access to economic improvement as relatively permanent, so they do not believe that education and individual effort will eliminate discrimination because it is institutionalized and enduring. » (Goulet, 2001).
Production of Counter Media • Gaining Power in Mainstream Institutions • Private Institutions Cultural Agency CAPITAL Individual Beliefs And Behaviours Cultural Conditioning • Mainstream Media (Stereotypes, fantasies). • Curriculum. • Biases in Institutional Practices. • Biases in « Objective Theories. »
Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Involuntary AND Immigrant Minorities • Goulet (2001): Encouraging Parental Involvment in Schools to Make Schools Inclusive Spaces for Involuntary Minorities. • Does this work for LOW SES ethnic minorities? • « Differences in the unpaid time that women had available for their mothering contributed directly or indirectly to the functioning of public schools as an engine of inequality » Dorothy Smith
Plato: The world of ideas/ The world of appearances. Math and Music connect us to the « world of ideas » Progress: « domination » over nature through Technology Science vs Myth Holistic Learning Experiential Learning Myths and stories: sites where knowledge is condensed Place: Acknowledging the seasonal cycles of a community Learning: Eurocentric/Indigenous
Involuntary Minority • Social AND Economical Exclusion. • Institutionalized Racism. • Globalized Racism • Reaction • Oppositional Identities • Rejecting Authority • « Violence » • « Acting White » concept (Ogbu, 1981) «When comparing their present status with the future, involuntary minorities see their lack of access to economic improvement as relatively permanent, so they do not believe that education and individual effort will eliminate discrimination because it is institutionalized and enduring. » (Goulet, 2001). If someone throws a banana at me in the street, I will go to jail, because I will kill them (M. B.) «racism is like a moving walkway […] in airports. You can do nothing, stand still, and yet it moves you forward. To stop it, you must get off, actively interrupt, throw your body in front of it, organize with other bodies »(Bertram, 2000)
“The presence of faith makes the difference between Education and Manipulation” (E. F) MANIPULATION EDUCATION “Today you got Blacks and Puerto Ricans coming in [to neighborhood] bringing big time trouble, lots of violence. . .” (Community Educator) ATTENTION—An important reminder to everyone, especially intermediate and advanced students. Regarding our recent announcements on being friendly and saying ‘‘hi’’ to sister students. When we don’t extend ourselves to women we don’t know—cliques start to happen, and forming cliques in the dojo is more than just unfriendly, it’s a way that racism and ageism propagate. (Bertram, 2000) “Actually I’m against Whites going out with Blacks, but I’m not prejudiced.” (Sally) “The poor White girls, then, ironically position White males—who are their actual abusers—as their protectors.” (Bertram, 2000) “ j'écris en français pour dire aux français que je ne suis pas français” (Kateb Yacine)
