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Photosynthesis. By: Jayce Frank, Jose Arambulo , Traveon Beck. Photosynthesis Overview. 6CO2+12H2O+light===C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2 Photosynthesis is divided into: Light Dependent reactions Capture energy from sunlight Make ATP and reduce NADP+ to NADH Carbon Fixation Reactions
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Photosynthesis By: Jayce Frank, Jose Arambulo, Traveon Beck
Photosynthesis Overview 6CO2+12H2O+light===C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2 • Photosynthesis is divided into: • Light Dependent reactions • Capture energy from sunlight • Make ATP and reduce NADP+ to NADH • Carbon Fixation Reactions • Use ATP and NADH to synthesize organic molecules from CO2
Pigments • Photon: a particle of light • Acts as a discrete bundle of energy • Energy content of a photon is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light • Pigments: molecules that absorb visivle light • Each pigment has a characteristic absorption spectrum, the range and efficiency • Structure of pigments: • Prohpyrin ring: complex ring structure with alternating double and single bonds • Magnesium ion at the center of the ring • Photons excite electrons in the ring • Chlorophyll is the primary light absorbing pigment in Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reactions • These reactions occur in 4 stages: • Primary photoevent- photon of light is captured by a pigment molecule • Charge Seperation: energy is transferred to the reaction center; an excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule • Electron transport- electron move through carriers to reduce NADP+ • Chemiosmosis- produces ATP
Calvin Cycle • In order to build carbohydrates, cells need energy and Reduction potential • Calvin Cycle- biochemical pathway that allow carbon fixation • Occurs in stroma • Uses ATP and NADH as energy sources • Initiated by CO2 • The 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle are • Carbon fixation • Reduction • Regeneration of RuBP
Calvin Cycle • Glucose is not a direct product of the Calvin Cycle (Glucose is formed in the cytoplasm • G3P is the molecule that helps to form glucose (it takes 2 G3P to make one glucose molecule) • 18 ATP are required to make one glucose molecule • 12 NADH are required to make one Glucose molecule • 6 turns of the Calvin Cycle are required to make 1 glucose molecule