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The Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror. Summer 1793 – Summer 1794. Opposition to the Revolution. March 1793 : A draft of 300,000 is called for and The Vendee Rebellion erupts. . The Committee of Public Safety. In April 1793 France is at war with most of Europe

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The Reign of Terror

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  1. The Reign of Terror Summer 1793 – Summer 1794

  2. Opposition to the Revolution • March 1793: A draft of 300,000 is called for and The Vendee Rebellion erupts.

  3. The Committee of Public Safety • In April 1793 France is at war with most of Europe • France institutes a draft. In response, the West rebels and the economy suffers. • The Mountain creates the Committee of Public Safety, 12 deputies that have executive power.

  4. Summer 1793 May: Founding of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women June: Sans-culottes invade the Convention and force the arrest of the Girondins. Federalist revolts follow. July: Jean-Paul Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday August: levee en masseinstituted

  5. The Death of Marat

  6. Maximilian Robespierre • Admired Rousseau’s ideas • Worked as a lawyer and helped the poor. • Known as the incorruptible • If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country ... The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny

  7. Fall 1793 Sept the CoPS takes complete control The Beginning of the Terror Law of Suspects passed price controls enacted October: Dechristianization executions of Marie Antoinette, de Gouges, and the Girondists closure of women’s clubs

  8. Winter ’93 - ’94 peak of the executions, military and economic improvement moderates begin calls for relaxing the terror

  9. Spring ‘94 March: execution of the Cordeliers April: execution of Danton and Desmoulins May: the Cult of the Supreme Being is established

  10. Summer ‘94 June: Law of 22 Prairial July: 71 Girondin deputies reinstated 26th: Robespierre threatens unnamed deputies in a speech and is shouted down 27th: Robespierre is arrested 28th: He is executed

  11. The Thermidorean Reaction(1794-1795) • The Thermidorian Reactionwas a moderation of the revolution • Reprisal violence was common and the Jacobin club was closed • The new constitution created a bi-cameral legislature with the five-person Directory as the executive. Favored the bourgeoisie.

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