US Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville

1. US Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville ORDNANCE AND EXPLOSIVES RECOGNITION Presented By Ordnance and Explosives Center of Expertise (OE CX)

2. OBJECTIVE To enable the students to react in a safe manner during operations at defense reutilization and marketing sites.

3. Topics • Definitions • Safety Precautions • Military Munitions • Land Mines • Grenades Projectiles • Rockets/Guided Missiles • Pyrotechnics

4. Definitions • Fuse - A pyrotechnic device using a burning low explosive in a flexible core, such as safety fuse. • Fuze -A mechanical, electrical, or chemical device that produces the initial action to trigger an explosive. • Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) - A series of waves, such as radio waves that can cause an item to detonate.

5. Definitions • Detonation - A detonation is classed as an explosion. It is a chemical reaction that propagates with such rapidity that the rate of advance of the reaction zone into the unreacted material exceeds the velocity of sound in the unreacted material. When this rate of advance attains such a value that it will continue without diminution through the unreacted material, it is termed the stable detonation velocity.

6. Definitions • High Order Detonation - When the detonation rate is equal to or greater than the stable detonation velocity, a High Order Detonation is said to have occurred. • Low Order Detonation - When the detonation rate is lower than the stable detonation velocity of the explosive, a Low Order Detonation is said to have occurred.

7. Definitions Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Military munitions that have been primed, fuzed, armed, or otherwise prepared for action, and have been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material, and remain unexploded either by malfunction, design, or any other cause.

8. Definitions Explosive Ordnance Disposal Personnel • Active Duty Military EOD Personnel • Air Force • Army • Marines • Navy

9. Definitions UXO Personnel • Former EOD Personnel, employed by: US Army Corps of Engineers Other DoD Sources A Contractor

10. Definitions UXO Qualified Personnel US Citizens who have graduated from the US Army Bomb Disposal School, Aberdeen, MD, or the US Naval EOD School, Indianhead, MD

11. General Safety Precautions • DO NOT touch, directly or indirectly, a UXO at any time.

12. General Safety Precautions • Consider all practice ammunition to contain live explosives.

13. General Safety Precautions • Always approach a suspected UXO from a 45 degree angle from the rear of the item. • Never spend more time near a suspected UXO than is absolutely necessary. • Never attempt to remove anything from any suspected UXO.

14. General Safety Precautions • Never use any radio or radio transmitting device on an OE site until it has been determined to be safe. • Never assume that the color code on an ammunition item is correct. • Never move any wire or other parts on an ammuntion item.

15. Questions?