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Westward Expansion: The American Frontier Journey

Explore the belief in Manifest Destiny leading to expansion to the Pacific, Texan Independence, and the California Gold Rush, with key figures and events shaping American history.

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Westward Expansion: The American Frontier Journey

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Manifest Destiny

  2. Manifest Destiny • Belief that it was inevitable and ordained by God that the U.S. would expand to the Pacific Ocean

  3. Westward Expansion • Oregon • Who Went? • Looking for good cheap land • New Start because of economic problems • How they got there • Wagons • Walked

  4. Westward Expansion • Utah • Who went? • Mormons • Escape Religious Persecution • How they got there • Wagons • Handcarts • Walked

  5. The Oregon Trail

  6. Westward Expansion • Texas • Mexican Independence 1821 • Encouraged Americans to settle • $.12 acre • Wanted flow of manufactured goods • Help protect area from Indian attacks • Stephen F. Austin • Given land grant to establish colony • “No drunkards, gamblers, profane swearers or idlers would be allowed.”

  7. Texan Independence

  8. Texan Independence • Causes • Mexican politics unstable • Cultural differences • Catholic vs. Protestant • Spanish vs. English • Slavery Abolished 1821 vs. Southern Slave Owners

  9. Texan Independence • Santa Ana • Imprisoned Austin for inciting Revolution • Suspended local government in Texas • 1835 Austin returned • War was only option • Mexican troops sent to enforce Mexican law • The Alamo- Feb. 23, 1836 • Spanish Mission used as Fort • Believed Controlling Fort would stop Mexicans • Texans trapped and slaughtered

  10. Texan Independence • Sam Houston • Commander of Texan troops • Surprise attack on Mexican troops • Killed 630 Mexicans in 18 minutes • “Remember the Alamo” • Captured Santa Ana • Made him sign Treaty of Velasco • Independence for Texas • Republic of Texas- 1836 • Houston elected President

  11. War with Mexico • James K. Polk- 11th President • 1845 annexed Texas • Believed War could add CA and NM • Border Wars • Texans • Border was the Rio Grande • Mexicans • Border was Nuecos River 150m. NE of Rio Grande • Polk tried secret negotiations to buy CA and fix border dispute • Mexicans wouldn’t even talk • J.C. Fremont led military exploration into CA • Mexicans entered disputed territory • Polk asked for War, Congress Approved

  12. War With Mexico • New Mexico 1846 • Mexican troops joined U.S. troops • No shots fired • California 1846 • Settlers seized Sonoma • Declared Independence • Joined by NM troops • Mexican troops gave in quickly • Mexico 1847 • Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott • One year of fighting • Mexicans conceded defeat

  13. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Provisions • Rio Grande border • $15 million for CA and NM • 1853 Gadsen Purchase • $10 million for southern RR route • Current Borders of US created

  14. California Gold Rush • Sutters Mill Jan. 24, 1848 • Gold found • By 1849 population over 100,000 • From U.S. and World • San Francisco became supply center for world markets

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