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Science 8: Unit E: Mechanical Systems

Science 8: Unit E: Mechanical Systems. Topic 8: People and Machines. Technology Changes to Meet Changing Needs. Technology changes as human needs changes. Technology also changes as science, materials and other technologies change and improve.

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Science 8: Unit E: Mechanical Systems

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  1. Science 8: Unit E: Mechanical Systems Topic 8: People and Machines

  2. Technology Changes to Meet Changing Needs • Technology changes as human needs changes. • Technology also changes as science, materials and other technologies change and improve. • Eg. the discovery of gunpowder made the technology of cannonry a reality. • Finally, technology changes and improves through trial and error.

  3. Technology Changes as Needs Changes • As the Industrial Revolution picked up steam during the 1800s humans discovered that their needs were changing. • Instead of living spread out in the country, people were now living in cramped cities with millions of other people. Moving around in the city was becoming a major problem. • Subway – London 1863 – With space limited, the British gov’t created the first underground rapid train to help move workers around London.

  4. Technology Changes as Science Changes • 1905 – Einstein discovers and describes the photoelectric effect – that light can be used to excite electrons: form electricity. • Since the PV Effect was discovered, everything from solar calculators to solar powered cars and homes have been created.

  5. Technology Changes as Materials and other Technologies Change • Example 1: The invention of a cement chemical by the Romans led to the creation of the first arches which then were used to help support large structures such as the aqueducts. • Example 2: The invention of the Internal Combustion Engine led to everything from city planning based on the car to the invention of the airplane.

  6. Technology Changes through Trial And Error • Without understanding the science behind eyeglasses, Italian opticians designed primitive eyeglasses for wealthy noble people since the 1200s. • Optics and refraction wasn’t understood till Newton came along in the early 1700s, so for nearly 500 years, trial and error was used to create reading glasses.

  7. How Technology Changes Science • We know that science helps technology change and improve, but oftentimes technology changes and improves science. • The invention of the magnifying lens and refracting telescope allowed Galileo and Copernicus to help improve scientific knowledge of the solar system. (ie. They discovered that the sun is the centre, not the Earth)

  8. Terms to Know • Ergonomics – The science of human comfort. • Hydrogen Fuel Cell – A cell which uses hydrogen and oxygen gases and reacts them to produce electricity. The only waste product is water vapour (along with the waste energy). • Mass Production – The use of assembly line work, robots, etc. to produce many copies of identical products.

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