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YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness

YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness. EUROPEAN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION – Means of Raising European Citizenship Awareness Assoc. Prof. PhD. CHRISTINA BARBU Project Manager. YBRECA

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YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness

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  1. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION –Means of Raising European Citizenship AwarenessAssoc. Prof. PhD. CHRISTINA BARBU Project Manager

  2. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness KEY CONCEPTS: • CITIZENSHIP • CITIZENSHIP vs. NATIONALITY • INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION • GLOBALIZATION vs. GLOCALIZATION • EUROPEANIZATION • ETHICS OF EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP

  3. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 1. CITIZENSHIP

  4. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP IN YOUR OWN WORDS? ??? CITIZENSHIP – THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF YBRECA PROJECT

  5. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Professor Bryan S Turner CITIZENSHIP: Critical Concepts in Sociology CITIZENSHIP is a crossroads concept in social sciences: - juridicial science (the states’ rights and obligations) - political philosophy - culture and communication

  6. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Professor Bryan S Turner CITIZENSHIP brings up questionsrelating to FREEDOM, EQUALITY, RIGHTS. CITIZENSHIP defines people’s expectations relating to SOCIAL CONTRACT. EQUALITY

  7. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Professor Bryan S Turner • Bryan S Turner(British and Australian sociologist) outlines the HISTORY OF CITIZENSHIP and traces its application in various debates within the social sciences Major works: • Turner B.,”Rights and Virtues. Political Essays on Citizenship and Social Justice”. Oxford: Bardwell Press (2008) • Turner B., The Routledge International Handbook of Globalization Studies. London: Routledge(2009) • Turner B., H. Khondker, Globalization East and West, SAGE: London (2010)

  8. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness • There is a General View that: in ANCIENT TIMES CITIZENSHIPembodieda SIMPLER RELATION than theMODERN FORMS, (although this view has beenchallenged). • Disagreement: when the concept of citizenship began: - Many thinkers point to the early city-states of ANCIENT GREECE-possibly as a reaction to the fear of slavery. - Others call it a MODERN phenomenon- dating back only a few hundred years.

  9. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness - Roman times: citizenship becomes more a relationship based on law(less political than in ancient Greece),still a wider concept(of who was considered a ”citizen”). - Middle Ages in Europe: citizenship was identified with commercial life in the growing cities; considered ”membership in emerging nation-states”. - Modern democracies:citizenship - contrasting concept: - liberal-individualist view(needs, entitlements, legal protections) - civic-republican view(political participation, active relation with specific privileges and obligations).

  10. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Throughout history • CITIZENSHIP has been connected with: - an ideal status, - freedom, - legal aspects(including rights) - has excluded non-citizensfrom basic rights and privileges More on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_citizenship

  11. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Jürgen HABERMAS • One of the world's most outstanding sociologists and philosophers (German) • Considerable influence on the EU with his views on - CITIZENSHIP in general - howUNION CITIZENSHIP AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY could be established beyond the boundaries of EU States.

  12. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Jürgen HABERMAS • Conservatively: citizenship - a national phenomenon - an institution or set of rights situated within the community of the nation state. • In the last two decades: - citizenship progressively turns to non-national forms More on: Nurullah TEKİN - ”The Assessment of Habermas’ Concept of Citizenship in the Context of the European Union”

  13. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Jürgen HABERMAS Major works: • The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962) • Communication and the Evolution of Society (1976) • Citizenship and national identity: some reflections on the future of Europe (1994) • J. Habermas, The Future of Human Nature (2003) • Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe (2005) • Europe. The Faltering Project (2009) • The Crisis of the European Union (2012)

  14. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness William K. Dustin Toward an Ethic of Citizenship: Creating a Culture of Democracy for the 21st Century Contents: • The meaning of CITIZENSHIP • The 3 R’s of Representation - Political Representation - Representation of Citizenship Frontier - Legislative Representation • Education for CITIZENSHIP • Praxis

  15. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Peter Riesenberg Citizenship in the Western Tradition: Plato to Rousseau Divides the history of CITIZENSHIP into 2ERAS (before and after the French Revolution): • ERA 1: From Ancient Greek Times till the French Revolution (”gaining civic virtue by active participation in governing”) • ERA 2: From the French Revolutionto Modern Times (”civic virtue drained out of citizenship”)

  16. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness References about CITIZENSHIP: • Bryan S Turner • Jürgen HABERMAS • William K. Dustin • Peter Riesenberg

  17. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 2. CITIZENSHIP vs. NATIONALITY

  18. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness CITIZENSHIP and NATIONALITY are often related, but distinct concepts with different meanings. CITIZENSHIP = a formal (legal) status in a political institution (city/state) Modern times: it includes a set of rights and a set of duties. NATIONALITY = informal membership or identification with a particular nation/social category (not synonym for country/state). Social categories: characterised by at least a common language, culture and territory (sometimes common religious faith or ancestry).

  19. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 3. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

  20. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION = communication between individuals /groups of different linguistic and cultural origins. = complex process(not just an encounter) ? ? Ancient times:INTERCULTURALITY - mainly when the EXPANSION OF AN EMPIREfavoured the contact of several peoples / mentalities / cultures. Modern times:MORE FREQUENT INTERCULTURALITY- travels, global policy of intercultural exchanges

  21. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness "Any culture is born in mixing, in interaction, in confrontation. Conversely, it is in isolationthat civilization dies." (Octavio Paz) Intercultural communication is no longer an OPTION, but a NECESSITY.

  22. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Today, IMPORTANT DECISIONS in business, politics, education, health, and culture usually effect citizens of MORE THAN ONE NATION. DECISION

  23. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION LACK OF KNOWLEDGE of another culturecan lead to embarrassing or amusing MISTAKES in communication.

  24. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness INTERCULTURALITY enables: • EXPERIMENTATION of new forms (of government, education, production...) • DIVERSITY(new points of view, cross-culture activities...) • Development of JOINT POLICIES(no customs, unique currency –euro, European Parliament for legal decisions, trade agreements...) • Preservation of NATIONAL VALUES circumscribed to the European context • .........

  25. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT within the EUROPEAN UNION CONTEXT warning!!! Any EU communication act, which is NOT IN ACCORDANCEWITHthe individual’s/group’s culture can lead to a change of attitude towards EU.

  26. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 4. GLOBALISATION vs. GLOCALIZATION

  27. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness GLOBALIZATION + LOCALIZATION = GLOCALIZATION

  28. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Example of Glocalization

  29. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness MEANINGS for GLOBALIZATION: GLOBALIZATION EUROPEANIZATION INTERNATIONALIZATION UNIVERSALIZATION CROSS-CULTURALIZATION MONDIALIZATION

  30. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness J.J. Arnett(psychologist) believes that nowmost people in the world develop aBICULTURAL IDENTITY, in which: - part of their identity is rooted in their local culture while - another part is aware of their relation to the global culture. J.J. Arnett: The Psychology of Globalization (2002)

  31. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness • GLOBALIZATION = The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications INTEGRATION. - propagates intercultural communication /integration - enables multicultural and transcultural approach - generates cultural richness and diversity - interdependence - ! threat to other national cultures ! - ex.:Englishization is a means of globalization process

  32. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness • GLOCALIZATION(1980) = co-presence of both UNIVERSALIZING and PARTICULARIZING tendencies.- promotes the richness of cultural diversity - preserves local identities In business: - the adaptation of international products around the particularities of a local culture in which they are sold

  33. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 5. EUROPEANIZATION

  34. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness CITIZENSHIP of the EUROPEAN UNIONEU TREATY: ”Every person holding the nationality of a member state shall be aCITIZEN OF THE UNION. Citizenship of the Union shall beadditional to and not replaceNATIONAL CITIZENSHIP”.

  35. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness • EU legislation - available in all 23 official languages • Schengen Agreement - sense of belonging to a single, unified geographical area

  36. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness • EURO (since 2002) - more than 2/3 Europeans • Involvement in EU decision-making. Every adult EU citizen has the right to vote in European Parliament elections • EU was set up to serve the peoples of Europe, and its future must be shaped by the active involvementof people from all walks of life. • EU’s founding fathers: ”We are not bringing together states, we are uniting people”

  37. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEANIZATION =The process in which a non-European subjectadopts a number of European features(Westernization). • EU policy <-> NATIONAL policy EU political and economic dynamics become part of the organisational logic of NATIONAL politics and economics.

  38. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 6. ETHICS of EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP

  39. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness Members of EU ”CULTURAL AMBASSADORS”

  40. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP: OPPORTUNITIES and DUTIES

  41. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP 6 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: • Dignity • Freedoms • Equality • Solidarity • Citizens’ rights • Justice

  42. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 1. DIGNITY • Human dignity. • Right to life. • Right to the integrity of the person. • Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. • Prohibition of slavery and forced labour.

  43. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 2. FREEDOMS • Right to liberty and security. • Respect for private and family life. • Protection of personal data. • Right to marry and right to found a family. • Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. • Freedom of expression and information. • Freedom of assembly and of association. • Freedom of the arts and sciences. • Right to education. • Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work. • Freedom to conduct a business. • Right to property. • Right to asylum. • Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradiction.

  44. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 3. EQUALITY • Equality before the law. • Non-discrimination. • Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity. • Equality between men and women. • The rights of the child. • The rights of the elderly. • Integration of persons with disabilities.

  45. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 4. SOLIDARITY • Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking.  • Right of collective bargaining and action.  • Right of access to placement services.  • Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal.  • Fair and just working conditions.  • Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work.  • Family and professional life.  • Social security and social assistance.  • Health care.  • Access to services of general economic interest.  • Environmental protection.  • Consumer protection.

  46. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 5. CITIZENS' RIGHTS • Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament. • Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections. • Right to good administration. • Right of access to documents. • Ombudsman. • Right to petition. • Freedom of movement and of residence. • Diplomatic and consular protection.

  47. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness 6. JUSTICE • Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial. • Presumption of innocence and right of defence. • Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties. • Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence.

  48. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS • Travel • Education • Health care • Live and Work • Vote • Put forward legislative proposals

  49. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP DUTIES • implement the principle of EQUAL TREATMENT irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation • provide EQUAL ACCESS to employment, selection criteria and recruitment conditions, vocational guidance and training • ensure job classification systemsto determine PAY ON THE SAME CRITERIA regardless of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation

  50. YBRECA Youth Bridges to Reach Efficient European Citizenship Awareness EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP AWARENESS AWARENESS

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