FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA – SITUATION ANALYSIS

1. FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA – SITUATION ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (T.I.) Dept. Food Science , Nutrition & Home Economics GC UNIVERSITY FAISLAABAD

2. ROAD MAP • FOOD SECURITY • WORLDWIDE • ASIA • PAKISTAN • FOOD SAFETY • GLOBAL CONTEXT • POSITION OF ASIA • PAKISTAN

3. WORLD POPULATION AND FOOD SECURITY • World population is increasing at alarming pace • It is expected that around 2030, the number of humans living on earth will be around 8,000 million • 2 out of 3 people will live in towns and cities • Over next 20 years, demand in food will rise significantly so food production will need to increase by 60% and food losses are needed to be controlled • Developing countries will have the major role in contributing to this massive increase of food demand

4. SAARC countries accounts for 23 percent of the world’s population, but generates hardly two percent of global income • Housing 40 percent of the world’s poor (living on less than US $1 a day) • 35 percent of the world’s under-nourished, the Region has the highest concentration of poverty and hunger in the world • About 35 per cent of the peoples in Bangladesh, 25 per cent in Sri Lanka and 20 per cent each in India and Nepal are undernourished • The achievement of this task, will necessitate more water, more efficient use of land, better workforce and adequate application of fertilizers • Needs to be bolstered by more pro-active approaches which provide food safety nets for the very poor 4

5. CONTRIBUTION OF FOOD SAFETY TO FOOD SECURITY • Contributes to improve nutritional and health status of population thereby increasing productivity and livelihoods • Reduces public health cost through a decrease in food borne illness among vulnerable population • Reduces food losses resulting in increase availability, stability and utilization • Increase national and international market access, increasing purchasing power resulting in beneficial effects on farmer, food business and consumer

6. FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Economic Overview • Agriculture holds a central place in all South Asian economies, except for Maldives • Moreover, this sector employs more than half of the labour force in South Asian countries, reaching 97% in Bhutan 6 ADB (2009)

7. Per Capita Production Index for Cereals (Wheat and Rice) FAO (2009) 7

8. Malnutrition in children under 5 in South Asian region, 2012 8

9. Reasons for Persistent Food Insecurity • An important reason for the persistent food insecurity in the Pakistan is the low productivity of crops and livestock as compared to that in many developed countries • The investment made in agriculture research as a percentage of agricultural GDP has been declining in Pakistan from a very low base • Pakistan have badly neglected investment for maintaining their vital irrigation infrastructure which has led to its rapid deterioration • There is also great potential for improvement in poverty and food security by investing in development of improved technology and making it available to poor farmers (Etienne, 2009) 9

10. Food Security Index 10

11. Cont.. 11

12. HIGH & VOLATILE FOOD PRICES LIKELY TO CONTINUE • Here’s what’s happened to some key farm commodities so far in 2010… • Corn: Up 63% • Wheat: Up 84% • Soybeans: Up 24% • Sugar: Up 55%

13. FOOD SAFETY

14. FOOD SAFETY • Assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use. • Food safety provides • Safe • Nutritious • Wholesome

15. Food safety governing national productivity Community health Food security for millions in the world Increased incidence of food-borne illness worldwide NEED FOR FOOD SAFETY

16. LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND SAFETY RELATED ISSUES

17. EVERYONE PLAYS A ROLE IN FOOD SAFETY Food contamination can occur at any stage - Farm to table Everyone plays vital role in food chain Farmer Processor vendor consumer Women are primary targets for food safety education as they are responsible for household meals

18. SAFETY STATUS OF FOODS Pesticide residues on food Food additives also creating toxicity Chemicals produced during food processing Heavy metals Arsenic, lead

19. Toxicity from packaging material Use of non food grade colours Use of sewage, sludge, polluted water in vegetable fields Untreated waste water from industries Poultry, beef and mutton – feed additives, antibiotics Clean water is unavailable to both urban and rural populations

22. COST OF FOODBORNE ILLNESSES • Outbreaks caused by contamination in the food and feed supply are costly to • The Consumers, • Food & Feed Industries • Health Care Industry. • A 2012 study using an enhanced cost-of-illness model estimated that the aggregated cost of foodborne illness is $77.7 billionper year.

23. USDA-Economic Research Service (ERS) estimate that the annual (In June 2011) economic cost of Foodborne illness and Premature death caused by • Salmonella is $2.7 billion and • E. coli O157 is $489 million.

24. FOODS COMMONLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST FOOD BORNE ILLNESS • Nor virus: oysters and other shellfish • Salmonella: eggs, poultry, meat • Campylobacter: poultry, raw milk • E. coli O157: Ground beef, leafy greens, raw milk • Vibrio: raw oysters, water • Listeria: meats, unpasteurized soft cheeses • Hepatitis A virus: shellfish.

25. ANNUAL CASES OF FOODBORNE ILLNESSES PER PATHOGEN

26. FOOD SAFETY:CURRENT SITUATION • More than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related causes. • Nearly all deaths, 99 %, occur in the developing world. • 780 million people lack access to an improved water source; approximately one in nine people.(FDA Update October 25 , 2013)

27. Every 21 seconds, a child dies from a water-related illness • The majority of illness is caused by fecal matter

28. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that • 325,000 Americans are hospitalized/year from food poisoning • 5,000 resultant deaths.

29. TOP TEN RISK FACTORS FOR HEALTH Risk Factors No of deaths/year • Diets                                               678,282 • Smoking                                        465,651 • High Blood Pressure                   442,656 • High Body Mass Index             363,991 • Physical Inactivity                       234,022 • High Blood Sugar                       213,669 • High Total Cholesterol             158,431 • Ambient Air Pollution             103,027 • Alcohol Use                                  88,587 • Drug Use                                      25,430

30. STATUS OF FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA • The food production, processing, and marketing system in Asia is poor • range from small-scale to large-scale, with products passing through multiple tiers of handlers and middlemen in the market chain. • Inadequate facilities and infrastructure • Lack of knowledge, (modern technologies and practices)

31. Cont… • Little appreciation for • Good hygienic practices (GHP) • Good agricultural practices (GAP) • Good manufacturing practices (GMP) • This sector of the food industry presents unique challenges in food safety, especially hygiene and sanitation

33. CHALLENGES IN ASIA • Food legislation • Food control management • Inspection services • Laboratory services • Information • Education • Communication • Training

34. CURRENT FOOD SAFETY SITUATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

35. FOOD SAFETY SITUATION IN BANGLADESH • Food is the major source of human • The importance of food safety stems from: • Food being the primary mode of transmission of infectious disease; • In Bangladesh >90 % tube wells of 61 districts (out of 64) are contaminated with arsenic.(WHO)

36. REPORTED FOODBORNE DISEASES IN INDONESIA 2003-2009

37. REPORTED FOOD BORNE DISEASES IN INDONESIA

38. FOOD SAFETY IN PAKISTAN The total extent of the food-borne disease problem in the developing world (SAARC countries Particularly Pakistan) is likely higher. Difficult to estimate since its victims often cannot track down the cause and do not seek medical attention Medical systems are ill equipped to monitor outbreaks Food-borne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and Hepatitis A, it is here that the real tragedy manifests itself (FAO, 2010)

39. Diarrhea - most common symptom of food-and water-borne illnesses • major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. • 1.5 billion children under 4 and 5 years are affected by diarrheal diseases annually • 3 million die prematurely, mainly in developing countries like Pakistan • For adults, the number of deaths may be less

40. SOME GLIMPSES OF FOOD COMMODITIES

48. FOOD SAFETY ISSUES IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY

49. Pesticide residues in cauliflower collected from Gujranwala

50. Pesticide residues in cauliflower collected from Faisalabad