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Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia. Chapter 26 Sponges & Cnidarians. What is an Animal?. Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Lack cell walls Sexual reproduction Movement (some) Specialization (some). 2 main categories of Animals. Invertebrates : lack backbone or vertebral column. 95% of animals!

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia Chapter 26 Sponges & Cnidarians

  2. What is an Animal? • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Lack cell walls • Sexual reproduction • Movement (some) • Specialization (some)

  3. 2 main categories of Animals • Invertebrates: lack backbone or vertebral column. 95% of animals! • Vertebrates: have a backbone of bone or cartilage. 5% of animals.

  4. What animals do to Survive! • There are 7 essential functions of animals: • 1)Feeding: • Herbivore = eats plantsCarnivore = eats animalsOmnivore = eats plants and animalsDetritivore = feed on decaying organic materialFilter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from waterParasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

  5. 2)Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion • 3)Circulation:Very small animals rely on diffusionLarger animals have circulatory system • 4)Excretion:Primary waste product is ammoniaLiquid waste

  6. 5)Response:Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuliNerve cells => nervous system • 6)Movement:Most animals are motile (can move)Muscles usually work with a skeleton • 7)Reproduction:Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversityMany invertebrates can also reproduce asexually = to increase their numbers rapidly

  7. Trends in Animal Evolution • More complex animals tend to have: -high levels of cell specialization (Cells -->tissues -->organs --> organ systems) -bilateral symmetry -cephalization

  8. Body Symmetry • With the exception of sponges, allanimals exhibit some type of body symmetry.

  9. Cephalization • Animals with bilateral symmetry usually display cephalization. • Concentration of nerves in the front end (head) of body.

  10. Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomate Fluid-filled space that forms between the digestive tract and the outer wall of the body during development Can aid in movement and as a reservoir for transporting nutrients and wastes Body Cavities (coelom)

  11. Sponges • Phylum Porifera (pore bearing) • Body Plan – no symmetry • acoelomate • Filter feeding • Some specialization of cells

  12. 3 Main groups of Sponges • 1)soft – internal skeleton made of protein spongin • 2)calcareous – skeleton made of spicules containing CaCO3. • 3)silicate – skeleton made of spicules containing silica (glass) • Spicule = spike shaped structure

  13. Cnidarians • Phylum Cnidaria • Radial symmetry • Acoelomate • Have stinging tentacles • 2 body forms • Medusa • polyp

  14. Contain stinging cells called cnidocytes in their tentacles that contain coiled stingers called nematocysts that can shoot out & paralyze prey 

  15. 3 Classes of Cnidarians • 1)Class Scyphozoa: Jellyfish

  16. 2)Class Hydrozoa: hydras, Portuguese man-of-war

  17. 3)Class Anthozoa: sea anemones & coral

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