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Introduction to Qualitative Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research. Philosophical Assumptions. Ontology: Metaphysical study of being and the nature of reality Axiology: Study of nature of values and judgements (overriding or fundamental goal)

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Introduction to Qualitative Research

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  1. Introduction to Qualitative Research

  2. Philosophical Assumptions • Ontology: Metaphysical study of being and the nature of reality • Axiology: Study of nature of values and judgements (overriding or fundamental goal) • Epistemology: Study of the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity

  3. Ontological – nature of reality Objective Single Divisible Nature of social beings Deterministic Reactive Ontological – nature of reality Socially constructed Multiple Holistics/Contextual Nature of social beings Voluntaristic Proactive Positivistic vs. Interpretive

  4. Axiological (fundamental goals) Truth Explanation – behaviours follow universal laws Predictive Axiological “Understanding” based on Verstehen Identifying meanings Positivistic Vs. Interpretive

  5. Epistemological Knowledge Generation Nomothetic Time-free Context-independent View of Causality Real causes exist Research relationship Dualism, separation Privileged point of observation Epistemological Knowledge Generation Idiographic Time-bound Context-dependent View of Causality Multiple, simultaneous shaping Research relationship Interactive, cooperative No privileged point of observation Positivistic Vs. Interpretive

  6. Qualitative Inquiry • Qualitative questions: why or how • Fit of Question and Method • Sampling and Saturation: • Purposeful, convenience, nominated, theoretical • Data saturation

  7. Methods • Ethnography • Focused ethnography (decision making) • Critical ethnography (aids emancipation) • Participation observation • Phenomenology • Experience snapshots • Describing the essence of human experience • Grounded theory • Highly inductive • Iterative process – evolving theory

  8. Methods • Narrative • Story that reveals person’s experiences • Represents larger social experience • Case Study • Intrinsic (understanding 1 case) • Instrumental (refining theory) • Collective (several instrumental cases, looking for broader context)

  9. Methods • Participatory Action Research • Reflects needs of the people • Group ownership of process (involvement of participants from design to results) • Conducted to solve social or community problems

  10. Data Collection • Interviews (depth) • Observation • Field Notes • Documents • Video, photographs

  11. Triangulation Uses a combination of more than one research strategy in a single investigation. • Data: time, space, person • Investigator: complimenting areas of expertise • Theory: testing and comparison of theories • Methods: simultaneous & sequential implementation (separate analysis)

  12. Universe of Discourse

  13. Sample size Small Types of Questions Probing Quantitative vs. Qualitative • Types of Questions • Limited probing • Sample size • Large • Administration • Few special interview skills • Administration • Interview skills required

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