1. Nasser, Communists, and the Muslim Brotherhood Ming, Olivia, Amy, Amy, Casey, and Gio

2. Who Is THIS Guy?

3. Who is Gamal Abdel Nasser? • Born 15 Jan. 1918, died 28 Sep. 1970 (Born in the Bakos neighborhood of Alexandria, Egypt) • Served in World War II • Second president of Egypt • Lead Egyptian Revolution of 1952 • Advanced Arab Nationalism and inspired anti-colonial and pan-Arab revolutions in Algeria, Libya, Iraq and Yemen • Proclaimed Prime Minister in 1954 • Elected President 1956 (Second president of Egypt) • Remained in power until his death

4. What did Nasser stand for politically? • Nasser fought against the new israel in 1948 • Before Nasser, Egypt had been ruled by King Farouk • British-supported Government • Dissatisfactions with Farouk’s appeasement (concerning control of Canal Zone) erupted in clashes along the border in 1951 • riots, etc... • 1952 Egyptian army officers fronted by General Neguib and lead by Nasser overthrew King Farouk • Free Officers • Nasser’s popularity came from his objectives for Egypt • Reunite Arab people & restore dignity to the region • -military, political and economic independence as well as create a self-sustaining Arab bloc • -Complete evacuation of British troops from Canal Zone (1956) • -Procurement of Modern arms via Soviet controlled Czech. • -Refusal to sign the Baghdad Pact • -Support radical movement in Africa

5. The Muslim Brotherhood • Religious, political, social movement • Largest political force in Egypt • About 600,000 supporters • Hassan al-Banna March 1928 • Success in Freedom and Justice Party • Mohamed Morsi overthrown within year of election • Members imprisoned/killed • Egyptian court banned Brotherhood and associations • Denounces violent protests

6. What did people have against the Muslim Brotherhood? • Selective about its leaders • Only about 600,000 supporters of 80 million Egyptians • Anti Non-Muslim • After Mohamed Morsi elected, he forbade Muslims to greet Christians on Easter • "Jesus did not die and was not crucified, but rather Allah gave him protection from the Jews and raised [Jesus] up to Him... which is why we do not greet anyone for something we strongly believe is wrong. ..." • Main goal was to acquire power over Egypt

7. Communists -Much of Egypt feared communist control as well as a Western-sponsored revolution -Most Communist groups did not support the revolution (Exception: Democratic Movement For National Liberation) -August, 1952 Communist-led riots damaged reputation -Communist philosophy seen as irreconcilable with Arab traditions

8. Communism *Scared of “Iron Curtain” *Didn’t support interests of the Egyptian people Why Egypt Chose Nasser The Muslim Brotherhood • Too much Paranoia within the system • The Purge wasn’t received well by authorities-assassinated its leader and shamed activists • Alienated the politicians essential to solve Egypt's problems • The party declared war against the bureaucracy it needed to govern it Nasser’s Party • Military Strategy • Fought in WWII, founded a secret revolutionary organization “The Free Officers” • Overthrew King Farouk’s regime June 23, 1952 • Major General Muhammad Naguib led movement • Naguib made president until 1956 • Used effective tactics- appealed to the population • Made Egypt Socialist Arab state • Lead Egypt away from Communist and Democratic-capitalist systems of the Cold War • June 1956, Nasser supplanted Naguib