Computer Networks: Hands On Experience

1. Computer Networks:Hands On Experience PongpisitWuttidittachotti, Ph.D. Faculty of Information Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) pongpisitw@kmutnb.ac.th http://www.it.kmutnb.ac.th/pongpisit

2. Outline What is a Network? Network Components Putting It all Together LAN & WAN LAB #1: Testing the network connectivity LAB #2: Connect 2 computers using a cable

3. What is a Network? A Network is two or more devices connected to a common medium.

4. Rules (protocols) to govern the handling of the message. Messages that travel from one device to another. Medium that is used to interconnect devices and can transport the messages from one device to another. Devices on the network that exchange messages. Network Components • All networks have 4 basic elements in common:

5. Devices Devices on a network – Common Symbols

6. Messages Messages take many forms.

7. Media Guided (wired) Mediaon a network can be varied. • Twisted Pair Cable • Coaxial Cable • Fiber Optic Cable Unguided (wireless) AIR WATER

8. Rules (Protocols) Ruleson a network seem almost endless – but they’re not. • Other Application Protocols: • DNS, DHCP, FTP • Some Other Protocols: • TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Ethernet, Routing Protocols

9. Communications – What is it? • We establish rules, or protocols, for communicating with each other: • Identify the sender and receiver. • Agree on the method. • Common language. • Speed and delivery of the message. • Confirmation that the message was received. • Communications between individuals is successful if the meaning of the received message is the same as the meaning of the message that was sent.

10. 2. NIC generates signals. 3. Passed among LAN devices. 4. Exit the local area (router). Putting It all Together 1. Converted to Binary.

11. The many interconnected devices worldwide are often represented by a cloud. Putting It all Together 5. Bits are transmitted to devices that interconnect the networks.

12. 6. Passed among local devices at the destination. Putting It all Together 7. The destination device converts the bits into human readable form.

13. Putting It all Together At each of these steps, there are protocols that define the rules for device communication. 5 7 6 1 2 3 4

14. LAN & WAN

15. Local Area Networks • An individual network usually spans a single geographical area, providing services and applications to people within a common organizational structure, such as a single business, campus or region.

16. Wide Area Networks • Networks that connect LANs in geographically separated locations. Usually implemented with leased connections through a telecommunications service provider (TSP) network. • A TSP traditionally transports voice and data on different networks. Now, providers are offering converged network services. HDLC, PPP, T1, DS3, OC3, ISDN, Frame Relay

17. LAB #1: Testing the network connectivity Ping Traceroute (tracert)

18. Testing the Network Layer

19. “ipconfig” command ipconfig is a commmand line utility. This utility allows you to get the IP address information of a Windows computer.

20. Testing the Network Layer C:>ping 10.0.0.1Verifies that the local IP configuration is correct. C:>ping 10.0.0.254Verifies that the host can reach the gateway.

21. Testing the Network Layer C:>ping 10.0.1.2

22. Testing the Network Layer

23. LAB #2: Connect 2 computers using a cable

24. What do you need to know? IPv4 Cable types

25. Anatomy of an IPv4 Address • Each device on a network must be uniquely identified at the Network layer. • For IPv4, a 32 bit source and destination address is contained in each packet.

26. 32 bit Binary String Divided into OCTETS Anatomy of an IPv4 Address • Devices use binary logic and work with strings of binary numbers. For us, the decimal equivalent is much easier to use and remember. Expressed in DOTTED DECIMAL NOTATION

27. Anatomy of an IPv4 Address 1.2 • To identify a path or "route" through a network, the addressmust be composed of two parts: • Network portion • Host portion 2.2 1.1 2.1 1.3 3.1 3.2

28. Network Portion: Some portion of the high-order bits represents the network address. We define a network as a group of hosts that have identical bit patterns in the network address portion of their addresses. Anatomy of an IPv4 Address

29. Host Portion: There are a variable number of bits that are called the host portion of the address. The number of bits used in this host portion determines the number of hosts that we can have within the network. Anatomy of an IPv4 Address

30. Binary to Decimal Conversion • In all number systems, the digits start with 0. • A Base-n number system has n number of digits: • Decimal: • Base-10 has 10 digits • 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 • Binary: • Base-2 has 2 digits • 1, 0 • Hexadecimal: • Base-16 has 16 digits • F, E, D, C, B, A,9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0

31. Position 3 2 1 0 Base 103 102 101 100 Value 1,000 100 10 1 String 2 1 3 4 Binary to Decimal Conversion • Positional Notation (Decimal Number System): • Means that a digit represents different values depending on the position it occupies. • The value that a digit represents isthat value multiplied by the power of the base according to the position the digit occupies. (2x103) + (1x102) + (3x101) + (4x100) = 2,134

32. Binary to Decimal Conversion • Computers react only to electrical impulses. • They work with and store data using electronic switches that are either on (1) or off (0). • They can only understand and use data that is in this two state format. • These 1's and 0's are called binary digits or bits.

33. Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Base 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 String 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 Binary to Decimal Conversion • Positional Notation (Binary Number System): • Means that a digit represents different values depending on the position it occupies. • The value that a digit represents isthat value multiplied by the power of the base according to the position the digit occupies. (1x26) + (1x25) + (1x23) + (1x22) 64 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 108

34. Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Base 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Range: 0 to 255 Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 String String String String 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Binary to Decimal Conversion

35. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Binary to Decimal Conversion IP Address: 11001001000100010001110100000100 11001001 00010001 00011101 00000100 201 17 29 4 IP Address: 201.17.29.4

36. Binary to Decimal Conversion

37. Managing Big Network

38. Managing Subnets

39. Different Network Size Network Prefix # of Host Addresses Mask /30 4 255.255.255.252 /29 8 255.255.255.248 /28 16 255.255.255.240 /27 32 255.255.255.224 /26 64 255.255.255.192 /25 128 255.255.255.128 /24 256 255.255.255.0

40. Straight-Through, crossover, rollover

41. Straight Through - Switch to a router Ethernet port - Computer to switch - Computer to hub

42. Crossover Cables • Switch to switch • Switch to hub • Hub to hub • Router to router Ethernet port • Computer to computer • Computer to a router Ethernet port

43. Console Cable

44. Thank you for your attention

45. Reference CCNA, St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario.

46. Backup

47. LAB#3: Creating subnet • Configure the 2 PCs to be in the same subnet • Try Pinging between the two PCs • Configure the 2 PCs to be in different subnet • Try Pinging between the two PCs

48. IOS configuration Mode