Inclusive Development Tulasi Sharan Sigdel NASC

1. Inclusive Development TulasiSharanSigdel NASC

2. Outline • Definitions and Meaning of Development • Measures of Development • Core values of Development • Objectives of Development • Inclusive development

3. What is development? • quantity vs quality vs both? • static vs dynamic? • economic vs multi-dimensional?

4. What is development? • A dynamic process of desirable change: structural and behavioural/functional • Economic growth, reduction of poverty and inequality • Change for better life (Quality of life) • Enlarging people’s choices • Place specific, person specific and time specific

5. Development Debate • Conventional thinking • Economic growth • Industrialization • Basic needs • New thinking in development • Development as freedom • Capability approach of ‘Sen’: Capability to function is what matters for status as a poor/non-poor person and it goes beyond availability of commodities • Capabilities: freedom in terms of choice to function

6. Inclusive development • Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase the access of diverse individuals and groups to development opportunities (WB, 2002) • Social inclusion is a means to shift the relationships between people and the institutions that shape the opportunity structure of their social, political and economic world (Unequal citizens, WB & DFID) that embody them towards greater equity. NASC 2014

7. Human development • Human development is defined the process of improving the quality of life of the people and enlarging the human choices. • Human development index comprises the three key components; • Income • Adult literacy • Life expectancy

8. Sen’s capabilities approach • ‘Capability to function’ is what really matters for the status as a poor or non poor people. • Sen defines capabilities as the freedom that a person in terms of the choice of functioning and capability of functioning (that reflects the various things a person may value doing and being)

9. Capability-based approach • Value in well-being. Well-being defined as a combination of different functioning or what one manages to do or be. • Capability reflects a person’s freedom and capacity to choose between different ways of living. • Pluralistic conception of progress, i.e., “Many different things are simultaneously valuable policy implication (example): deprivation and vulnerability are major concerns because they restrict capability and freedom.

10. Sen’s five distinct types of freedom • Political freedoms • Economic facilities • Social opportunities • Transparency guarantees, and • Protective security

11. Empowerment approach • Empowerment approach focuses on enhancing individual entitlements, capabilities, rights and freedoms. • One of the pillars of the human development. • Creates the conditions necessary to enable the poor to take the advantage of poverty reduction opportunities by strengthening their socio-cultural, economic and political capabilities.

12. Empowerment index • Economic empowerment • Access and control over productive resource • Access to financial resources • Access to electrification • Employment (non-farm) • Income • Political empowerment • Voter turnout in national election • Number of candidacy per seat in local election

13. Cont… • Socio-cultural empowerment • Educational attainment • Health status • Infant mortality • Child under nutrition • Sanitation • Information communication • Participation in local organization

14. Meaning of development NASC 2014

15. Human Development Index • Life longevity • Adult literacy • Income for good life NASC 2014

16. Core Values of Development Sustenance: The Ability to meet basic needs - Expand people’s capabilities and opportunities to meet basic needs Self-esteem: To be a Person - Self-respect- not being used as a tool by others Freedom : freedom from poverty, illiteracy, ill health, discrimination and exploitation

17. Objectives of inclusive Development • To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods • To raise levels of living • To expand the range of economic and social choices

18. Changing rule of game in development Source: setopati.com NASC 2014

19. Social Inclusion: changes – at the system level – in the external institutional environment or the rules that determine distribution of assets, capabilities and voice necessary for WPE to exercise agency. Negotiation for more inclusive & equitable development Empowerment: changes – at community level – in the internal self-perception and sense of agency of citizens’ including WPE and their access to assets, capabilities and voice. Inclusive development: inclusion and empowerment Gender and socially inclusive citizens’ rights to development

20. Inclusive Development as justice Micro/ Macro Sameness and difference Recognition and redistribution

21. Inclusive development: how? Inclusive development

22. Inclusive development and service delivery Issues of public service and development • Physical accessibility • Availability of human resources • Availability of material resources • Organizational capacity • Social accountability • Relevance of the utilization of services • Continuity and time of interventions • Technical quality

23. Thank you !!! NASC 2014