Biomechanical Concepts of the Ankle and Foot

1. Biomechanical Concepts of the Ankle and Foot

2. Bone of the Ankle Talus Tibia Distal End of Fibula Articulations Distal tibfib Tibiotalor Fibiotalor Movements at the Ankle

3. Bones of the Foot Calcaneus Cuboid Navicular 3 Cuneiforms Metatarsal Phalanges

4. Articulations in the Foot Arches Longitudinal Outer Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals Inner Calcaneus, navicular, talus, 3 cuneiforms and 3 metatarsals Function Transverse Arches

5. Articulations in the Foot Arches Subtalor Joint (Hind Foot) Underside of talus and upper and anterior calcaneus Reinforce by the 4 talocalcaneal ligaments Plantar calcaneonavicular lig Most inversion and eversion occurs here Combo of movements

6. Articulations in the Foot Arches Subtalor Joint (Hind Foot) Mid-tarsal Joint Two articulations Talonavicular Calcaneocuboid Tarsometarsal Joints Intermetarsal Joints Metatarsophalangeal Joints

7. Ligaments of the Ankle and Foot Lateral Structures Anterior Talofibular Calcaneofibular Posterior Talofibular Distal Tibiofibular Medial Structures Deltoid Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring Ligament) Many intertarsal ligaments

8. Movements of the Foot and Ankle Ankle – Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion Subtalor Joint DF, PF, Inversion, Eversion Supination = inversion + adduction Pronation = Eversion + abduction Tarsometarsal and Intermetatarsal Joints Gliding Metotarsophalangeal Joints Flexion and extension Interphalangeal Joint Flexion and extension

9. Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Anterior Compartment Extensor Digitorum Extensor hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Peroneus Tertius Function DF Some Inv and Eversion

10. Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Anterior Compartment Lateral Compartment Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Function Eversion Secondary PF

11. Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Anterior Compartment Lateral Compartment Superficial Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Function PF Gastroc = knee flexion

12. Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Anterior Compartment Lateral Compartment Superficial Posterior Compartment Deep Posterior Compartment Flexor Digitorm Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Posterior

13. Other Important Structures Plantar Fascia Thick connective tissue Act like a bow Assists in maintain the medial longitudinal arch

14. Muscles of the Foot and Ankle as Stabilizers All assist in stabilizing the subtalor, metatarsal, intertarsal joints and arches

15. Muscles around the ankle and foot as movers Small muscle generate a lot of force How? Malleoli Supination vs Pronation Movements What happens at the ankle affects the knee, hip and back inevitably